Abstract: A matrix-addressed type liquid crystal display apparatus having switching devices such as TFTs is provided, featuring that an increased effective voltage can be applied without causing hysteresis in V-T characteristics. Namely, by substantially increasing a value of an applicable voltage in excess of which a display defect starts to appear, a high numerical aperture and a high contrast ratio have been achieved at the same time. In the LCD apparatus of the present invention, a gap between adjacent reverse tilt domains each formed in a portion of a pixel which is arranged corresponding to an arbitrary pixel electrode becomes broader than a minimum gap between adjacent pixel electrodes corresponding thereto, or a thickness of a liquid crystal cell in the portion between adjacent reverse tilt domains is set thinner than a thickness of a liquid crystal cell in the portion of the pixel.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device having a high quality able to prevent deterioration etc. of a liquid crystal panel even when a liquid crystal panel used in a light valve of a projector etc. is operated under a high temperature and high humidity environment and a projection type display apparatus using the liquid crystal display device, wherein a liquid crystal layer 16 is sandwiched between a pair of substrates formed by bonding a TFT array substrate 11 and a counter substrate 12 by a sealing material 15 so that they face each other across a predetermined gap, the sealing material 15 contains a nonconductive filler having a mean particle size of less than 0.5 ?m, a liquid crystal material used in the liquid crystal layer 16 is set in its refractive index anisotropy an at room temperature to 0.16 or more, and a cell gap d of an interval between the TFT array substrate 11 and the counter substrate 12 is set at 3 ?m or less.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device having a high quality able to prevent deterioration etc. of a liquid crystal panel even when a liquid crystal panel used in a light valve of a projector etc. is operated under a high temperature and high humidity environment and a projection type display apparatus using the liquid crystal display device, wherein a liquid crystal layer 16 is sandwiched between a pair of substrates formed by bonding a TFT array substrate 11 and a counter substrate 12 by a sealing material 15 so that they face each other across a predetermined gap, the sealing material 15 contains a nonconductive filler having a mean particle size of less than 0.5 ?m, a liquid crystal material used in the liquid crystal layer 16 is set in its refractive index anisotropy ?n at room temperature to 0.16 or more, and a cell gap d of an interval between the TFT array substrate 11 and the counter substrate 12 is set at 3 ?m or less.

Abstract: A matrix-addressed type liquid crystal display apparatus having switching devices such as TFTs is provided, featuring that an increased effective voltage can be applied without causing hysteresis in V-T characteristics. Namely, by substantially increasing a value of an applicable voltage in excess of which a display defect starts to appear, a high numerical aperture and a high contrast ratio have been achieved at the same time. In the LCD apparatus of the present invention, a gap between adjacent reverse tilt domains each formed in a portion of a pixel which is arranged corresponding to an arbitrary pixel electrode becomes broader than a minimum gap between adjacent pixel electrodes corresponding thereto, or a thickness of a liquid crystal cell in the portion between adjacent reverse tilt domains is set thinner than a thickness of a liquid crystal cell in the portion of the pixel.

Abstract: A matrix-addressed type liquid crystal display apparatus having switching devices such as TFTs is provided, featuring that an increased effective voltage can be applied without causing hysteresis in V-T characteristics. Namely, by substantially increasing a value of an applicable voltage in excess of which a display defect starts to appear, a high numerical aperture and a high contrast ratio have been achieved at the same time. In the LCD apparatus of the present invention, a gap between adjacent reverse tilt domains each formed in a portion of a pixel which is arranged corresponding to an arbitrary pixel electrode becomes broader than a minimum gap between adjacent pixel electrodes corresponding thereto, or a thickness of a liquid crystal cell in the portion between adjacent reverse tilt domains is set thinner than a thickness of a liquid crystal cell in the portion of the pixel.

Abstract: A matrix-addressed type liquid crystal display apparatus having switching devices such as TFTs is provided, featuring that an increased effective voltage can be applied without causing hysteresis in V-T characteristics. Namely, by substantially increasing a value of an applicable voltage in excess of which a display defect starts to appear, a high numerical aperture and a high contrast ratio have been achieved at the same time. In the LCD apparatus of the present invention, a gap between adjacent reverse tilt domains each formed in a portion of a pixel which is arranged corresponding to an arbitrary pixel electrode becomes broader than a minimum gap between adjacent pixel electrodes corresponding thereto, or a thickness of a liquid crystal cell in the portion between adjacent reverse tilt domains is set thinner than a thickness of a liquid crystal cell in the portion of the pixel.

Abstract: A matrix-addressed type liquid crystal display apparatus having switching devices such as TFTs is provided, featuring that an increased effective voltage can be applied without causing hysteresis in V-T characteristics. Namely, by substantially increasing a value of an applicable voltage in excess of which a display defect starts to appear, a high numerical aperture and a high contrast ratio have been achieved at the same time. In the LCD apparatus of the present invention, a gap between adjacent reverse tilt domains each formed in a portion of a pixel which is arranged corresponding to an arbitrary pixel electrode becomes broader than a minimum gap between adjacent pixel electrodes corresponding thereto, or a thickness of a liquid crystal cell in the portion between adjacent reverse tilt domains is set thinner than a thickness of a liquid crystal cell in the portion of the pixel.

Abstract: A matrix-addressed type liquid crystal display apparatus having switching devices such as TFTs is provided, featuring that an increased effective voltage can be applied without causing hysteresis in V-T characteristics. Namely, by substantially increasing a value of an applicable voltage in excess of which a display defect starts to appear, a high numerical aperture and a high contrast ratio have been achieved at the same time. In the LCD apparatus of the present invention, a gap between adjacent reverse tilt domains each formed in a portion of a pixel which is arranged corresponding to an arbitrary pixel electrode becomes broader than a minimum gap between adjacent pixel electrodes corresponding thereto, or a thickness of a liquid crystal cell in the portion between adjacent reverse tilt domains is set thinner than a thickness of a liquid crystal cell in the portion of the pixel.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid crystal display device in which film thickness irregularities and rubbing irregularities of orientation films are minimized in which superior image quality is provided even when columnar spacers are disposed therein. The liquid crystal display device has a structure in which a liquid crystal substance is sandwiched between a pair of substrates facing each other with the space therebetween controlled to a specific value by a plurality of the columnar spacers independent from each other, wherein the placement density of the columnar spacers is 100 to 2000/mm2, and the sectional area of the columnar spacers is 1 to 100 &mgr;m2.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus has a drive substrate and a facing electrode substrate superimposed and joined each other via spacers and seal materials, wherein the drive substrate carries drive devices for driving liquid crystal material, the facing electrode substrate carries facing electrodes facing to the drive devices. Liquid crystal material is injected between the drive substrate and the facing electrode substrate. The seal materials include an outer seal formed along outer periphery of the drive substrate and the facing electrode substrate and inner seals formed inside of the outer seal, and a space between the out side part of an effective picture element area having drive devices and an inside portion of the outer seal facing to the effective picture element area or an inside portion of the inner seal can be formed in approximately uniform.

Abstract: A matrix-addressed type liquid crystal display apparatus having switching devices such as TFTs is provided, featuring that an increased effective voltage can be applied without causing hysteresis in V-T characteristics. Namely, by substantially increasing a value of an applicable voltage in excess of which a display defect starts to appear, a high numerical aperture and a high contrast ratio have been achieved at the same time. In the LCD apparatus of the present invention, a gap between adjacent reverse tilt domains each formed in a portion of a pixel which is arranged corresponding to an arbitrary pixel electrode becomes broader than a minimum gap between adjacent pixel electrodes corresponding thereto, or a thickness of a liquid crystal cell in the portion between adjacent reverse tilt domains is set thinner than a thickness of a liquid crystal cell in the portion of the pixel.

Abstract: A method of forming a liquid crystal alignment film able to prevent uneven drying of a liquid crystal alignment film and thereby prevent alignment defects of the liquid crystal and reduce the defect rate of liquid crystal display devices, including the steps of dissolving a polymer material (preferably a polyimide) in a solvent comprised of a polar main solvent (preferably &ggr;-butyrolactone or N-methyl-&agr;-pyrrolidone) plus about 5 to 15 wt % of butyl &bgr;-hydroxyethyl ether as a leveling agent and coating the solution on a substrate; pre-baking the substrate to volatilize at least part of the mixed solvent; and baking the substrate at a higher temperature than pre-baking to polymerize the polymer material, and a method of producing a liquid crystal display device including the above steps.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid crystal display device in which film thickness irregularities and rubbing irregularities of orientation films are minimized in which superior image quality is provided even when columnar spacers are disposed therein. The liquid crystal display device has a structure in which a liquid crystal substance is sandwiched between a pair of substrates facing each other with the space therebetween controlled to a specific value by a plurality of the columnar spacers independent from each other, wherein the placement density of the columnar spacers is 100 to 2000/mm2, and the sectional area of the columnar spacers is 1 to 100 &mgr;m2.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus has a drive substrate and a facing electrode substrate superimposed and joined each other via spacers and seal materials, wherein the drive substrate carries drive devices for driving liquid crystal material, the facing electrode substrate carries facing electrodes facing to the drive devices. Liquid crystal material is injected between the drive substrate and the facing electrode substrate. The seal materials include an outer seal formed along outer periphery of the drive substrate and the facing electrode substrate and inner seals formed inside of the outer seal, and a space between the out side part of an effective picture element area having drive devices and an inside portion of the outer seal facing to the effective picture element area or an inside portion of the inner seal can be formed in approximately uniform.