Abstract: A light-emitting element having a long lifetime is provided. A light-emitting element exhibiting high emission efficiency in a high luminance region is provided. A light-emitting element includes a light-emitting layer between a pair of electrodes. The light-emitting layer contains a first organic compound, a second organic compound, and a phosphorescent compound. The first organic compound is represented by a general formula (GO). The molecular weight of the first organic compound is greater than or equal to 500 and less than or equal to 2000. The second organic compound is a compound having an electron-transport property. In the general formula (GO), Ar1 and Ar2 each independently represent a fluorenyl group, a spirofluorenyl group, or a biphenyl group, and Ar3 represents a substituent including a carbazole skeleton.

Abstract: An IC card includes, in addition to an ordinary data recording processing circuit, an IC chip area including an encrypting circuit, and a magnetic or optical data recording unit mounted thereon. Those items of data at an initialization and final transaction times are recorded in the magnetic or optical data recording unit while a predetermined encryption is made in cooperation with the IC chip area and the terminal for initialization and terminal for transaction. When a data item to be recorded n the IC chip area in the IC card is destroyed, data items recorded on the magnetic or optical data recording area are decrypted to check if the recorded data items are true. If yes, these data items are restored in a new card.