Abstract: [Problems] To provide a resin composition having excellent flame retardancy and a fiber having excellent flame retardancy, without deteriorating conventional mechanical properties by adding a small amount of a flame-retardant additive. [Means for Resolution] A flame-retardant resin composition comprising a resin and composite particles in an amount of 1% by weight or more based on the resin, which are mainly composed of titanium dioxide and silicon dioxide and have a titanium dioxide content of 10 to 30% by weight and a silicon dioxide content of 70 to 90% by weight, a flame-retardant fiber obtained by fiberizing this flame-retardant resin composition, a heat-resistant cloth using this flame-retardant fiber, and further, protective clothing using this cloth.

Abstract: The heterocycle-containing aromatic polyamide fibers of the invention are excellent in balance among mechanical characteristics, particularly balance among tensile strength, initial modulus and strength in the direction perpendicular to the fiber axis, exhibit a high strength holding ratio under heat and humidity, and are excellent in flame retardancy, bulletproofness and cutting resistance, as compared to conventional aromatic polyamide fibers, and therefore can be favorably used in fields with severe mechanical characteristics and have stability to environmental variation. Accordingly, the heterocycle-containing aromatic polyamide fibers of the invention can be favorably used, for example, in fields including protective equipment, such as a helmet, a bulletproof vest and the like, a chassis for an automobile, a ship and the like, an electric insulating material, such as a printed circuit board and the like, and other various fields.

Abstract: A two-layer fabric according to the present invention has an integral structure containing a base cloth on the upper side and a reinforcing cloth for reinforcing the entire fabric on the under side, wherein (a) the base cloth of the two-layer fabric is flame-retardant and contains a warp yarn and a weft yarn containing 30% by weight or more of a flame-retardant fiber having a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 26 or more and a tensile strength of 8 cN/dtex or less, (b) the reinforcing cloth of the two-layer fabric contains a warp yarn and a weft yarn containing a heat-resistant high-strength fiber having a tensile strength of 15 cN/dtex or more as a main component, and (c) the base cloth and the reinforcing cloth are connected by the warp yarn and/or the weft yarn of the base cloth, to form the integral structure. Further, a heat-resistant protective clothing contains an outer fabric layer of the two-layer fabric, stacked and sutured by sewing.

Abstract: A process for producing an alkanesulfonic acid is described, which comprises causing sulfur dioxide and oxygen to act on a saturated hydrocarbon under illumination with light in a substantially water-free reaction system, wherein photo-sulfoxidation of the saturated hydrocarbon is performed as a reaction mixture in the reaction system is held in contact with sodium sulfite.

Abstract: A catalyst suitable for cracking heavy oils can be obtained by baking nickel-containing ore at a temperature between about 850.degree. C and about 1200.degree. C.

Abstract: A raw synthetic caking coal having a volatile matter content of 20 - 70%, H/C (atomic ratio) of 0.60 - 1.20 and a maximum fluidity of greater than 40 ddpm is produced by coking heavy hydrocarbons. Synthetic caking coal having a volatile matter content of 20 - 40%, H/C (atomic ratio) of 0.60 - 0.75, a maximum fluidity of greater than 40 ddpm and a Free-Swelling-Index of greater than 3 is produced from the raw synthetic caking coal by stripping said raw synthetic caking coal with steam or light hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Synthetic coking coal is produced by coking heavy hydrocarbons at a temperature greater than the temperatures which initiate cracking in the coker, and by removing the gaseous and liquid products from the coker at accelerated velocities. The thermally cracked oil produced in the coking reaction can be hydrodesulfurized to produce a low sulfur fuel oil.