Abstract: The present invention relates to a production method of (R)-reticuline including: a step for obtaining a recombinant host cell by inserting, into a host cell, a gene 1 which is composed of a nucleotide sequence having at least 70% homology to a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 and which is DNA encoding a protein having an enzymatic activity of CYP80Y2, and a gene 2 which is composed of a nucleotide sequence having at least 70% homology to a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 and which is DNA encoding a protein having an enzymatic activity of oxidoreductase; a step for expressing, in the recombinant host cell, the protein having the enzymatic activity of CYP80Y2 and the protein having the enzymatic activity of oxidoreductase; and a step for producing (R)-reticuline from (S)-reticuline by using the recombinant host cell.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing an alkaloid, for example, reticuline, comprising providing dopamine as a substrate for a series of actions of monoamine oxidase, norcoclaurine-6-O-methyltransferase, coclaurine-N-methyltransferase and 3?-hydroxy-N-methylcoclaurine-4?-O-methyltransferase.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing an alkaloid, for example, reticuline, comprising providing dopamine as a substrate for a series of actions of monoamine oxidase, norcoclaurine-6-O-methyltransferase, coclaurine-N-methyltransferase and 3?-hydroxy-N-methylcoclaurine-4?-O-methyltransferase.

Abstract: A blood dialyzing apparatus having a dialyzer with blood and dialysate chambers defined therein comprises a blood pump for pumping the blood from a cannula, pierced in the patient's A-V fistula, back to the patient's A-V fistula through the blood chamber of the dialyzer, and a fluid circuit for the supply of a dialyzing solution past the dialysate chamber. The fluid circuit includes first and second shut-off valves disposed adjacent the inlet and outlet of the dialysate chamber, respectively, while a pressure sensor is provided to detect the pressure of the blood flowing upstream of the blood pump and also upstream of the blood chamber. When the pressure of the blood so detected attains a value equal to or lower than a predetermined value, the first and second shut-off valves are closed on the one hand and the ultrafiltration pressure in the dialyzer becomes substantially zero.

Abstract: The blood of a patient to be dialyzed is circulated out of the patient's body through an extracorporeal circuit including a blood pump and a dialyzer. The dialyzer has a solution supply piping for the supply of a dialyzing solution thereto and a discharge piping for the discharge of the dialyzing solution therefrom, and the discharge piping is branched into a discharge passage and a metering passage. The supply piping, the discharge passage and the metering passage have disposed thereon a supply control valve, a discharge control valve and a combination of a metering valve and a metering device, respectively. During a washing step, the supply control valve is opened while the discharge and metering control valves are opened and closed, respectively, so that the dialyzing solution within the dialyzer is replenished.