Abstract: An image forming apparatus reads the amount of use of each unit from a first storage section which stores the amount of use of each unit. The image forming apparatus reads a condition, set to enable each unit to execute an optimal operation, from a second storage section which stores the condition, on the basis of the read amount of use of each unit, thereby operating each unit under the read condition and executing an image forming operation.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus reads the amount of use of each unit from a first storage section which stores the amount of use of each unit. The image forming apparatus reads a condition, set to enable each unit to execute an optimal operation, from a second storage section which stores the condition, on the basis of the read amount of use of each unit, thereby operating each unit under the read condition and executing an image forming operation.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus reads the amount of use of each unit from a first storage section which stores the amount of use of each unit. The image forming apparatus reads a condition, set to enable each unit to execute an optimal operation, from a second storage section which stores the condition, on the basis of the read amount of use of each unit, thereby operating each unit under the read condition and executing an image forming operation.

Abstract: A revolver type color developing device having a yellow, a magenta and a cyan developing units and a black developing device in a color copier are provided at positions outside the upper area of the image carrier. The vertical conveying path passes through the position outside the lower area of the revolver type color developing device and the black developing device. For detecting density of toners in the developing units of the revolver type color developing device, a toner density sensor to detect amount of infrared light reflecting light is used while a magnetic sensor is used for detecting toner density in the black developing device.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus reads the amount of use of each unit from a first storage section which stores the amount of use of each unit. The image forming apparatus reads a condition, set to enable each unit to execute an optimal operation, from a second storage section which stores the condition, on the basis of the read amount of use of each unit, thereby operating each unit under the read condition and executing an image forming operation.

Abstract: A developing apparatus is provided which includes a hollow cylindrical sleeve which is rotationally driven and a magnetic shaft which is rotationally driven inside the sleeve. The magnetic shaft causes magnetic toner to adhere to a peripheral surface of the sleeve by magnetic force. The magnetic toner adhering to the peripheral surface is supplied to a developing position by rotation of the sleeve and adheres to an electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of a photosensitive body. The center of rotation of the magnetic shaft is deviated from the center of rotation of the sleeve nearer to the photosensitive drum, and frontward along the direction of rotation of the sleeve from a line connecting the center of rotation of the sleeve and the center of rotation of the photosensitive body.

Abstract: Toner which is made adjacent to a surface of a photosensitive body by a toner carrier is charged, by charge injection from the toner carrier, to have the same polarity as that of a third potential a potential of the toner carrier. A first potential which is a potential of a base material of the photosensitive body, a second potential which is an apparent potential of the photosensitive body, and the third potential of the toner carrier are set such that in the absolute values, first potential>third potential>second potential. As a result, the relation exposed part potential>toner carrier potential>non-exposed part potential, is established. Therefore, the toner is selectively adsorbed only to non-exposed parts.

Abstract: A developing apparatus comprises a hollow cylindrical sleeve which is rotationally driven and a magnetic shaft which is rotationally driven inside the sleeve. The magnetic shaft causes the magnetic toner to adhere to the peripheral surface of the sleeve by the magnetic force. The magnetic toner adhering to the peripheral surface is supplied to the developing position by rotation of the sleeve and adheres to the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of a photosensitive body. The center of rotation of the magnetic shaft is deviated from the center of rotation of the sleeve nearer to the photosensitive drum, and frontward along the direction of rotation of the sleeve from a line connecting the center of rotation of the sleeve and the center of rotation of the photosensitive body.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a contact charging device for uniformly charging a moving subject surface to a given potential by bringing a charging member to which a voltage is applied into contact with the moving subject surface. The charging member has a brush structure formed by closely setting a plurality of conductive bristle members into a conductive base member. The charging member is positioned so that the amount of engagement of the conductive bristle members with the subject surface is large on the upstream side of a surface moving direction of the subject surface and small on the downstream side of the surface moving direction. Accordingly, the adhesion of all the conductive bristle members to the subject surface can be enhanced and the deformation of all the conductive bristle members can be prevented. Further, the springing phenomenon of the conductive bristle members on the upstream side having a high charging efficiency can be eliminated.