Abstract: A sealed compressor of the present invention comprises an electric component (111); a compression component (113) actuated by the electric component (111); and a sealed container (101) which accommodates therein the electric component (111) and the compression component (113), and stores lubricating oil therein; wherein the compression component (113) includes a crankshaft (135) including a main shaft (137) and an eccentric shaft (139); a cylinder block (117) including a bearing unit (123) supporting the main shaft (137) such that the main shaft is rotatable, and a cylinder (121) defining a compression chamber (119); and a suction muffler (131) through which a refrigerant gas (115) flows from an interior of the sealed container (101) to an interior of the compression chamber (119); a separating wall (165) is provided between the suction muffler (131) and the electric component (111); a first space (159) is formed between the suction muffler (131) and the separating wall (165); and a second space (163) is form

Abstract: A sealed compressor of the present invention comprises an electric component (111); a compression component (113) actuated by the electric component (111); and a sealed container (101) which accommodates therein the electric component (111) and the compression component (113), and stores lubricating oil therein; wherein the compression component (113) includes a crankshaft (135) including a main shaft (137) and an eccentric shaft (139); a cylinder block (117) including a bearing unit (123) supporting the main shaft (137) such that the main shaft is rotatable, and a cylinder (121) defining a compression chamber (119); and a suction muffler (131) through which a refrigerant gas (115) flows from an interior of the sealed container (101) to an interior of the compression chamber (119); a separating wall (165) is provided between the suction muffler (131) and the electric component (111); a first space (159) is formed between the suction muffler (131) and the separating wall (165); and a second space (163) is form

Abstract: A sealed compressor comprises an electric component; a compression component actuated by the electric component; a sealed container accommodating the electric component and the compression component; a suction pipe provided to suction a refrigerant into the sealed container; and a suction muffler having an inner space communicating with a compression chamber of the compression component and a suction port through which the refrigerant is suctioned into the inner space; a communicating passage for providing communication between the suction port of the suction muffler and the suction pipe, the communicating passage being made of a flexible material; and at least one cut portion provided in an end portion of the communicating passage at the suction pipe side such that the cut portion cuts a portion of the end portion.

Abstract: A sealed compressor comprises a sealed container: an electric component provided inside of the sealed container; a compression component actuated by the electric component; a suction pipe provided inside of the sealed container to suction a refrigerant gas from outside to inside of the sealed container; and a suction muffler having an inner space; wherein the suction muffler includes: an inlet pipe, one end portion of which opens inside of the sealed container and the other end of which has an outlet opening portion which opens in the inner space of the suction muffler; an outlet pipe, one end portion of which has an inlet opening portion which opens in the inner space of the suction muffler and the other end portion of which communicates with a compression chamber of the compression component; wherein the outlet opening portion of the inlet pipe and the inlet opening portion of the outlet pipe are disposed so as to face each other, and an opening area of the inlet opening portion of the outlet pipe is smalle

Abstract: A refrigerant compressor having a compression element comprising sliding components made of metallic materials, wherein a mixed layer is formed by solid-dissolving molybdenum disulfide in at least one of the sliding faces of the sliding components, and a single molybdenum disulfide layer is further formed on the surface of the mixed layer. With this configuration, initial break-in is done using the single layer, and sliding loss is reduced. Even if the single layer peels off, because the molybdenum disulfide of the mixed layer is cleaved at a low friction coefficient, solid lubrication action is attained, the friction coefficient of the sliding section is lowered, and sliding loss is reduced.

Abstract: To provide a programmable-gain amplifier in which sufficiently fine and linear gain control according to the logic levels of control signals can be realized with a simple circuit configuration, a programmable-gain amplifier includes a cascade connection of differential amplifiers (E.sub.1 to E.sub.n) and a current controller (100) for controlling a product of corresponding emitter currents supplied to each of the differential amplifiers (E.sub.1 to E.sub.n) according to the logic levels of binary control signals. The current controller (100) has a current mirror circuit in which the emitter of each bi-polar transistor (Q.sub.0 to Q.sub.n, Q.sub.c1 to Q.sub.cm) is connected to the ground through a MOS (M.sub.0 to M.sub.n, M.sub.c1 to M.sub.cm) transistor having a relative on-resistance designed to be in inverse proportion to the relative emitter size of the bi-polar transistor, so that the emitter current can be exactly controlled.

Abstract: An integrating circuit internally included in a semiconductor device includes a constant voltage circuit 11 for generating a predetermined constant voltage VREF, and a voltage-to-current converting circuit 12 for converting the voltage VREF into a constant current I0, which is supplied to a capacitor 15 externally connected to a connection terminal CPT. In order to detect an integral potential charged in the capacitor 15, a voltage comparator 14 having one input connected to the capacitor connection terminal CPT and the other input connected to an input terminal IN for receiving a signal VIN to be measured, inverts its output voltage when both the input voltages becomes consistent with each other. The integrating circuit also includes a switching circuit 13 having an input connected to an output terminal of the constant voltage circuit 11, an output connected to the capacitor connection terminal CPT.

Abstract: Antibiotic penem compounds are represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R represents a group of the general formula: ##STR2## in which R.sub.1 is a hydrogen atom or linear or branched C.sub.1 --C.sub.6 alkyl group, R.sub.2 is a particular substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, aryl or aralkyl group, n is an integer of 1-6, Y is a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic aliphatic group having 1 or 2 oxygen atoms in the ring thereof, and Z is a specific 5-substituted 2-oxo-1,3-dioxolen-4-yl group. Antibiotic compositions for oral administration are also described.

Abstract: Antibiotic penem compounds are represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R represents a group of the general formula: ##STR2## in which R.sub.1 is a linear or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl group, R.sub.2 is a particular substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, aryl or aralkyl group, n is an integer of 1-6, Y is a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic aliphatic group having 1 or 2 oxygen atoms in the ring thereof, and Z is a specific 5-substituted 2-oxo-1,3-dioxolen-4-yl group. Antibiotic compositions for oral administration are also described.

Abstract: Antibiotic penem compounds are represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R represents a group of the following formula: ##STR2## in which R.sub.1 is a linear or branched, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl group, R.sub.2 is a particular substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, aryl or aralkyl group, n is an integer of 1 or 2, and R.sub.3 represents a specific substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, aryl or aralkyl group. Antibiotic compositions for oral administration are also described.

Abstract: Antibiotic penem compounds are represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R represents a physiological-hydrolyzable, ester-forming group. The physiologically hydrolyzable, ester-forming group useful in the penem compound of the present invention means a group which can be removed easily by in vivo hydrolysis, such as an acetyloxymethyl, 1-(acetyloxy)ethyl, pivaloyloxymethyl, 1-(ethoxycarbonyloxy)ethyl, 1-(isopropyloxycarbonyloxy)ethyl, 1-(cyclohexyloxycarbonyloxy)ethyl or 3-phthalidyl group. Antibiotic compositions for oral administration are also described.

Abstract: This specification discloses a method of and an apparatus for manufacturing a disc medium which utilize the projection exposure technique of a stopper for lithography, rotate a circular photosensitive substrate which provides the disc medium at the same speed as a circular reticle having a pattern of information tracks while rotating the reticle, and irradiate the reticle with illuminating light of a slit-like shape or a sectoral shape extending in the diametrical direction of the circular reticle to thereby effect rotation scan exposure.

Abstract: Novel penem compounds of the formula, ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or allyl, and A is an aliphatic 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic group having one or two oxygens in the ring and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts are produced from the compounds of the formula, ##STR2## wherein A is the same as above and respective R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are protective groups for hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, through several steps. The compounds and their salts are useful as antibacterial agents.

Abstract: A process for producing 3-[1'-(R)-hydroxyethyl]-4-acyloxyazetidinone from 3-[1'-(R)-hydroxyethyl]-4-alkyl (or aryl) thioazetidinone using a copper salt of aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acid is disclosed. The process is an effective route for producing 3-[1'-(R)-hydroxyethyl]-4-acyloxyazetidinone, and intermediate for synthesizing penems or carbapenems, without using a mercury salt which can cause an environmental hazard.

Abstract: A penem compound represented by the general formula: ##STR1## (wherein R denotes hydrogen or allyl group, A denotes oxygen atom or methylene group and B denotes methylene, ethylene or carbonyl group) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt is produced through several processes.The compound exhibits stronger activities against wide variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria as compared with known penem compounds.

Abstract: A process for preparing an optically active tetrahydro-2-furoic acid is disclosed. The process comprises (i) reacting (.+-.)-tetrahydro-2-furoic acid with an optically active amine resolver of the following formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a lower alkyl group and R.sub.2 represents an alkyl group or ar aryl group, provided that R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are different from each other, thus producing an optically active diastereomer salt, and (ii) decomposing the diastereomer salt. According to the process, a high purity, optically active tetrahydro-2-furoic acid can be prepared at a high yield using an amine resolver. The amine resolver can be recovered at a high yield and high purity.

Abstract: An arrangement in an apparatus for handling a substrate such as a photomask or a reticle used in a process of manufacturing a semiconductor device comprises a container unit for containing therein the substrate in a substantially horizontal posture, an inspection unit having means for inspecting a surface of the substrate, the inspecting means including a radiation source for supplying a directional beam, and a device for detecting the scattering of the directional beam, a holding member for supporting the substrate substantially horizontally, a device for moving the holding member between the container unit and the inspection unit and conveying the substrate from the container unit to the inspection unit by the use of the holding member, and a scanning device for moving the holding member in a horizontal direction relative to the inspecting means and moving the substrate relative to the directional beam while subjecting the surface of the substrate to the directional beam.

Abstract: An apparatus for positioning a planar substrate on a plane relative to a stage comprises means for supporting the substrate on the plane, the supporting means being provided on the stage for rotation about an axis perpendicular to the plane, first drive means for moving the substrate relative to the supporting means in a predetermined direction along the plane, a reference member disposed on the stage and having a reference surface intersecting the plane, the reference member having a position in which the reference surface is opposed to the substrate moved in the predetermined position so that the reference surface is brought into contact with the circumferential end of the substrate moved by the first drive means to thereby position the substrate, and a biased position in which the reference surface is biased away from the circumferential end of the substrate from the opposed position, and second drive means for displacing the reference member between the opposed position and the biased position.