Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes an orientation film on a liquid-crystal-side surface of at least one substrate out of respective substrates which are arranged to face each other with liquid crystal therebetween. The orientation film forms a pattern which is constituted of either a plurality of notches or holes which are spaced from one another on an edge of the orientation film which is beyond a periphery of a display region, and the pattern is formed along an entirety of the edge of the orientation film. The edge of the orientation film is formed along a periphery of the substrate.

Abstract: A display device includes an organic film with a pattern in which forming portions and non-forming portions are present in a mixed form in the periphery thereof, and the pattern is formed around the periphery of the organic film.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes an orientation film on a liquid-crystal-side surface of at least one substrate out of respective substrates which are arranged to face each other with liquid crystal therebetween. The orientation film forms a pattern which is constituted of either a plurality of notches or holes which are spaced from one another on a periphery edge of the orientation film which is beyond a periphery of a display region, and the pattern is formed along an entire entirely of the edge of the orientation film. The edge of the orientation film is formed along a periphery of the substrate.

Abstract: A display device includes an organic film with a pattern in which forming portions and non-forming portions are present in a mixed form in the periphery thereof, and the pattern is formed around the periphery of the organic film.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device having a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the pair of substrates. One of the pair of substrates includes a plurality of scanning electrodes, a plurality of signal electrodes, a plurality of thin film transistors arranged in the vicinity of crossing points of the scanning electrodes and the signal electrodes, a plurality of common electrodes, and a plurality of pixel electrodes arranged between each of the common electrodes. The other of the pair of substrates has color filters, an insulating film for flattening the color filters directly arranged on the color filters, and an orientation control film arranged on the insulating film.

Abstract: A material for a liquid-crystal alignment film which comprises as a first polyamide a C3 to C10 alkyl ester of a polyamic acid whose acid anhydride residual group is any of: and as a second polyamide a C3 to C10 alkyl ester of a polyamic acid whose acid anhydride residual group is: is provided. The use of this material materializes a liquid-crystal alignment film having a high pre-tilt angle of molecules to the substrate, and having superiority in respect of electrical properties such as voltage holding ratio and residual DC voltage, adherence to substrates, printability, and step-covering properties.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device having a pair of substrates with a liquid crystal layer interposed between the pair of substrates. One of the pair of substrates includes a plurality of scanning electrodes, a plurality of signal electrodes arranged so as to cross the plurality of scanning electrodes, a plurality of thin film transistors arranged in the vicinity of crossing points of the scanning electrodes and the signal electrodes, a plurality of common electrodes, and a plurality of pixel electrodes arranged between each of the common electrodes. An electric field is formed in the liquid crystal layer by applying a voltage to the pixel electrodes and the plurality of common electrodes. The other substrate of the pair of substrates includes color filters, an insulating film for flattening the color filters arranged on the color filters, and an orientation control film arranged on the insulating film.

Abstract: A material for a liquid-crystal alignment film which comprises as a first polyamide a C3 to C10 alkyl ester of a polyamic acid whose acid anhydride residual group is any of: and as a second polyamide a C3 to C10 alkyl ester of a polyamic acid whose acid anhydride residual group is: is provided. The use of this material materializes a liquid-crystal alignment film having a high pre-tilt angle of molecules to the substrate, and having superiority in respect of electrical properties such as voltage holding ratio and residual DC voltage, adherence to substrates, printability, and step-covering properties.

Abstract: A material for a liquid-crystal alignment film which comprises as a first polyamide a C3 to C10 alkyl ester of a polyamic acid whose acid anhydride residual group is any of: 1

Abstract: A material for a liquid-crystal alignment film which comprises as a first polyamide a C3 to C10 alkyl ester of a polyamic acid whose acid anhydride residual group is any of: 1

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device having a pair of substrates with a liquid crystal layer interposed between the pair of substrates. One of the pair of substrates includes a plurality of scanning electrodes, a plurality of signal electrodes arranged so as to cross the plurality of scanning electrodes, a plurality of thin film transistors arranged in the vicinity of crossing points of the scanning electrodes and the signal electrodes, a plurality of common electrodes, and a plurality of pixel electrodes arranged between each of the common electrodes. An electric field is formed in the liquid crystal layer by applying a voltage to the pixel electrodes and the plurality of common electrodes. The other substrate of the pair of substrates includes color filters, an insulating film for flattening the color filters arranged on the color filters, and an orientation control film arranged on the insulating film.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device including a pair of substrates, a liquid crystal layer interposed between the pair of substrates, a plurality of first common electrodes extending in a direction and being formed on one substrate of the pair of substrates, and a second common electrode connected to one of the first common electrodes. The second common electrode has a first edge adjacent the one of the first common electrodes and a second edge opposite to the one of the first common electrode. A first pixel electrode is formed between two of the first common electrodes and extends in the same direction as the first common electrodes. A second pixel electrode overlaps the second common electrode, is connected to the first pixel electrode, and covers at least a portion of the first edge of the second common electrode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device has a plurality of pixel elements, the optical transmissivity of which is varied by suitable electrical signals. The liquid crystal display device has electrodes which apply electric fields to a liquid crystal layer, the electric fields having components in a direction generally parallel to the liquid crystal layer. Each pixel element has at least one pixel electrode which extends in a common direction as a signal electrode and common electrodes which extend over several pixel elements. The common electrodes may be on the same side of the liquid crystal layer as the pixel and signal electrodes, or they may be on opposite sides. Each pixel may have two pixel electrodes with the signal electrode disposed therebetween, and there are then a pair of common electrodes with the pixel electrodes therebetween. The common electrodes may be common to adjacent pixel elements. The pixel electrodes and the common electrodes may be separated by an insulating film.

Abstract: The liquid crystal display device has a plurality of pixel elements, the optical transmissivity of which is varied by suitable electrical signals. The liquid crystal display device has electrodes which apply electric fields to a liquid crystal layer, the electric fields having components in a direction generally parallel to the liquid crystal layer. Each pixel element has at least one pixel electrode which extends in a common direction as signal electrodes and common electrodes which extend over several pixel elements. The common electrodes may be on the same side of the liquid crystal layer as the pixel and signal electrodes, or they may be on opposite sides. Each pixel may have two pixel electrodes with the signal electrode therebetween and there are then a pair of common electrodes with the pixel electrodes therebetween. The common electrodes may be common to adjacent pixel elements. The pixel electrodes and the common electrodes may be separated by an insulating film.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device has a plurality of pixel elements, the optical transmissivity of which is varied by suitable electrical signals. The liquid crystal display device has electrodes which apply electric fields to a liquid crystal layer, the electric fields having components in a direction generally parallel to the liquid crystal layer. Each pixel element has at least one pixel electrode which extends in a common direction as a signal electrode and common electrodes which extend over several pixel elements. The common electrodes may be on the same side of the liquid crystal layer as the pixel and signal electrodes, or they may be on opposite sides. Each pixel may have two pixel electrodes with the signal electrode disposed therebetween, and there are then a pair of common electrodes with the pixel electrodes therebetween. The common electrodes may be common to adjacent pixel elements. The pixel electrodes and the common electrodes may be separated by an insulating film.

Abstract: According to the present invention, there is provided a non-linear optical device comprising a non-linear optical medium comprising an organic compound, which remarkably improves the non-linear optical properties. The non-linear optical device according to the present invention is suited for the second and third harmonic generations, photomixing optical parametric oscillations, optical switches and optical bistable devices.

Abstract: A plastic optical fiber comprising a core and a clad, said core being formed by an amorphous and optically transparent polymer and said clad being formed by a polymer having a refractive index lower than that of the core by at least 0.3%, at least one of the core and the clad being formed by an amorphous and optically transparent polymer containing metal elements and halogen atoms, is low in light loss and excellent in heat resistance.

Abstract: In a semiconductor laser wavelength conversion device comprising a semiconductor laser beam souce, a lens, a single crystal of a non-linear optical material and a filter, the non-linear optical material is represented by the general formula, A--(Cx)--B, where (Cx) is --(CH)--or --CH.dbd.CH--C(.dbd.CH)--, A and B are each atomic group comprising a .pi.-electron conjugated structure containing at least one electron withdrawing group or one electron donating group. The device can generate a second harmonic wave having an intensity of 4 or more stronger than that of urea and having a cutoff wavelength of 420 nm or less.