Abstract: A cubic boron nitride sintered material comprising cubic boron nitride grains, a binder phase, and a void, in which a percentage of the cubic boron nitride grains based on the total of the cubic boron nitride grains and the binder phase is 40 vol % to 70 vol %, a percentage of the binder phase based on the total of the cubic boron nitride grains and the binder phase is 30 vol % to 60 vol %, the binder phase includes 10 vol % to 100 vol % of aluminum oxide grains, an average grain size of the aluminum oxide grains is 50 to 250 nm, the cubic boron nitride sintered material comprises 0.001 vol % to 0.100 vol % of one or more first voids, and at least one portion of each of the first voids is in contact with the aluminum oxide grains.

Abstract: A thermal head of the present disclosure includes a substrate, a heat-generating portion, electrodes, and a protective layer. The heat-generating portion is located on the substrate. The electrodes are located on the substrate and are connected to the heat-generating portion. The protective layer covers the heat-generating portion and parts of the electrodes. A skewness Rsk of the protective layer is larger than 0. Further, A thermal head of the present disclosure includes a substrate, a heat-generating portion, electrodes, and a protective layer. The heat-generating portion is located on the substrate. The electrodes are located on the substrate and are connected to the heat-generating portion. The protective layer covers the heat-generating portion and parts of the electrodes. A kurtosis Rku of the protective layer is larger than 3.

Abstract: A thermal head includes a substrate, a heat-generating portion, electrodes, and a protective layer. The heat-generating portion is located on the substrate. The electrodes are located on the substrate and are connected to the heat-generating portion. The protective layer covers the heat-generating portion and parts of the electrodes. Further, a kurtosis Rku of the protective layer is smaller than 3. A thermal head includes a substrate, a heat-generating portion, electrodes, and a protective layer. The heat-generating portion is located on the substrate. The electrodes are located on the substrate and are connected to the heat-generating portion. The protective layer covers the heat-generating portion and parts of the electrodes. Further, a skewness Rsk of the protective layer is smaller than 0.

Abstract: A thermal head includes a substrate, a heat-generating portion, electrodes, and a protective layer. The heat-generating portion is located on the substrate. The electrodes are located on the substrate and are connected to the heat-generating portion. The protective layer covers the heat-generating portion and parts of the electrodes. Further, a kurtosis Rku of the protective layer is smaller than 3. A thermal head includes a substrate, a heat-generating portion, electrodes, and a protective layer. The heat-generating portion is located on the substrate. The electrodes are located on the substrate and are connected to the heat-generating portion. The protective layer covers the heat-generating portion and parts of the electrodes. Further, a skewness Rsk of the protective layer is smaller than 0.

Abstract: A thermal head of the present disclosure includes a substrate, a heat-generating portion, electrodes, and a protective layer. The heat-generating portion is located on the substrate. The electrodes are located on the substrate and are connected to the heat-generating portion. The protective layer covers the heat-generating portion and parts of the electrodes. A skewness Rsk of the protective layer is larger than 0. Further, A thermal head of the present disclosure includes a substrate, a heat-generating portion, electrodes, and a protective layer. The heat-generating portion is located on the substrate. The electrodes are located on the substrate and are connected to the heat-generating portion. The protective layer covers the heat-generating portion and parts of the electrodes. A kurtosis Rku of the protective layer is larger than 3.

Abstract: A thermal head X1 according to the present disclosure includes a substrate, a heat generator, an electrode, and a protective layer. The heat generator is positioned on the substrate. The electrode is positioned on the substrate and connected to the heat generator. The protective layer covers the heat generator and part of the electrode. The protective layer contains titanium and nitrogen. The protective layer satisfies P2>P1 where P1 is the peak intensity of X-ray diffraction of the (111) plane, and P2 is the peak intensity of X-ray diffraction of the (200) plane.

Abstract: A thermal head X1 according to the present disclosure includes a substrate, a heat generator, an electrode, and a protective layer. The heat generator is positioned on the substrate. The electrode is positioned on the substrate and connected to the heat generator. The protective layer covers the heat generator and part of the electrode. The protective layer contains titanium and nitrogen. The protective layer satisfies P2>P1 where P1 is the peak intensity of X-ray diffraction of the (111) plane, and P2 is the peak intensity of X-ray diffraction of the (200) plane.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a friction coefficient measurement apparatus which measures an angle of relative torsion caused by a friction between a road surface friction measuring rubber attached strip and a road surface and the friction coefficient measurement apparatus which is able to reduce operator taken for work of replacing the road surface friction measuring rubber attached strip with new one.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a friction coefficient measurement apparatus which measures an angle of relative torsion caused by a friction between a road surface friction measuring rubber attached strip and a road surface and the friction coefficient measurement apparatus which is able to reduce operator taken for work of replacing the road surface friction measuring rubber attached strip with new one.

Abstract: A texture automatic monitoring system for measuring surface texture of a road surface compacted by a road roller is measured by texture measurement equipment mounted on the road roller. The road surface texture measurement equipment comprises a height measurement instrument disposed on the compaction roller that measures height from the road surface, a moving distance detecting instrument that generates a signal corresponding to the moving distance of the road roller, a data processing unit that calculates the moving distance of the road roller based on the moving distance detecting signal, and calculates one or more road surface property values indicating the road surface texture by using the measured value of the height acquired from the height measurement instrument and the calculated moving distance, and a displaying unit which displays the calculated road surface property value.

Abstract: A texture automatic monitoring system for measuring surface texture of a road surface compacted by a road roller is measured by texture measurement equipment mounted on the road roller. The road surface texture measurement equipment comprises a height measurement instrument disposed on the compaction roller that measures height from the road surface, a moving distance detecting instrument that generates a signal corresponding to the moving distance of the road roller, a data processing unit that calculates the moving distance of the road roller based on the moving distance detecting signal, and calculates one or more road surface property values indicating the road surface texture by using the measured value of the height acquired from the height measurement instrument and the calculated moving distance, and a displaying unit which displays the calculated road surface property value.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for measuring a coefficient of friction by which a coefficient of static friction and a coefficient of dynamic friction at such places utilized by people as the paved surfaces of sidewalks, promenades, or amusement parks, or the floor surfaces of buildings, gymnasium and the like.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a road surface roughness measuring apparatus for measuring the coefficient of dynamic friction and the roughness of the road surface in each direction at a same section where the coefficient of dynamic friction is measured, said apparatus divides the measuring circle on the road surface into a plurality of sections, on which measuring circle the rotary type unit for measuring the coefficient of dynamic friction measures the coefficient of dynamic friction.