Abstract: The sputtering target of the present disclosure includes: an aluminum matrix; and (1) a material or phase containing aluminum and further containing either a rare earth element or a titanium group element or both a rare earth element and a titanium group element or (2) a material or phase containing either a rare earth element or a titanium group element or both a rare earth element and a titanium group element, at a content of 10 to 70 mol % in the aluminum matrix.

Abstract: A sputtering target-backing plate assembly comprising, a target has a thickness of 2.0 to 15.0 mm is joined to a backing plate, the backing plate has a recessed section having a depth of 0.5 to 5.0 mm on a plate surface, the target is fitted into the recessed section, and the assembly has a swaging structure in which an outer-peripheral-side surface of the target is clamped by a recessed section inner-peripheral-side surface of the backing plate.

Abstract: A sputtering target including aluminum and either a rare earth element or a titanium group element or both a rare earth element and a titanium group element, and the sputtering target has a fluorine content of 100 ppm or less.

Abstract: A sputtering target is a sputtering target including aluminum and either a rare earth element or a titanium group element or both a rare earth element and a titanium group element, and the sputtering target has a chlorine content of 100 ppm or less.

Abstract: From CT images having captured an abdomen, a two-dimensional characteristic space is assumed, in which X and Y axes indicate CT values of image data taken in first and second time phases different from each other. In this space, a two-dimensional histogram concerning respective pixels located at the same position in the two time phases is taken as a sample distribution of pixels. A two-variable distribution function is applied to this sample distribution, so as to estimate a matrix distribution of pixels corresponding to the whole liver region. According to this matrix distribution, a range of CT value of pixels corresponding to the liver region is estimated.

Abstract: A metal gasket seals two engine members of an internal combustion engine. The metal gasket includes a metal gasket member extending substantially throughout an entire area of the engine members and has two surfaces to contact the engine members. At least two seal coatings are coated on the two surfaces of the gasket member to constitute sealing lines on the surfaces of the gasket member. One of the sealing lines on one surface of the metal gasket member is shifted from the other of the sealing lines on the other surface of the metal gasket member. Micro coatings are coated on the two surfaces of the gasket member. The thickness of the micro coating is less than that of the seal coating.

Abstract: A projection conversion system for producing a 2-dimensional chest projection image from a 3-dimensional chest CT data set includes a temporal subtraction image production section 7 for producing a temporal subtraction image from a pair of 2-dimensional chest projection images which are produced by making transformation of temporally sequential two 3-dimensional chest CT data sets at a projection transformation calculation section 5, and an image display section 9 capable of displaying the temporal subtraction image.

Abstract: A metal gasket seals two engine members of an internal combustion engine. The metal gasket includes a metal gasket member extending substantially throughout an entire area of the engine members and has two surfaces to contact the engine members. At least two seal coatings are coated on the two surfaces of the gasket member to constitute sealing lines on the surfaces of the gasket member. One of the sealing lines on one surface of the metal plate is shifted from the other of the sealing lines on the other surface of the metal plate. Micro coatings are coated on the two surfaces of the gasket member. The thickness of the micro coating is less than that of the seal coating.

Abstract: From CT images having captured an abdomen, a two-dimensional characteristic space is assumed, in which X and Y axes indicate CT values of image data taken in first and second time phases different from each other. In this space, a two-dimensional histogram concerning respective pixels located at the same position in the two time phases is taken as a sample distribution of pixels. A two-variable distribution function is applied to this sample distribution, so as to estimate a matrix distribution of pixels corresponding to the whole liver region. According to this matrix distribution, a range of CT value of pixels corresponding to the liver region is estimated.

Abstract: In the gasket, a shim member formed of shim portions and connecting portion is assembled with an upper metal plate with curved portions and flanges such that each shim portion is located between the flange and a base portion of the upper plate, and a lower metal plate is placed under the upper plate not to overlap the flanges and the shim member. The shim member is provided with an identification sign for identifying the thickness of the gasket and an assembly sign for identifying the orientation of the shim member at the connecting portion where the sealing ability is not affected, which can be seen from the back of the gasket after assembly. Therefore, when the shim member is assembled with the upper plate, the orientation of the shim member can be identified easily. Also, after assembly, the orientation of the shim member as well as the thickness of the gasket can be identified easily.

Abstract: An imaging system is provided which comprises: a CT scanner; a first storage unit storing a plurality of transverse images taken by the CT scanner; an image conversion unit producing a two-dimensional cross sectional image on the basis of the transverse images, for which the transverse images are arranged in a direction perpendicular to a transverse plane; a second storage unit storing the cross sectional image; a peak detection unit extracting an outline of the cross sectional image for detecting peaks or troughs of the outline; a peak interpolation unit carrying out interpolation on the basis of a specified standard for an outline between the peaks or between the troughs detected by the peak detecting unit; and an image construction unit reconstructing the cross sectional image stored in the second storage unit using the outline interpolated by the peak interpolation unit.

Abstract: A metal laminate gasket for an internal combustion engine is formed of a first metal plate and one of plate combinations. The first metal plate includes a base portion, a curved portion to define a first hole, and a flange located under the base portion. Each plate combination includes an annular shim disposed between the flange and the base portion, and a second metal plate disposed under the base portion without laminating the annular shim and the flange. The thickness of the second metal plate is greater than the thickness of the annular shim and less than the total thicknesses of the annular shim and the flange. Each plate combination has the annular shim and the second metal plate with different thicknesses while keeping a difference in thickness between the annular shim and the second metal plate constant. Thus, the gaskets having the same grades with different thicknesses are formed by changing the plate combinations.

Abstract: An imaging system is provided which comprises: a CT scanner; a first storage unit storing a plurality of transverse images taken by the CT scanner; an image conversion unit producing a two-dimensional cross sectional image on the basis of the transverse images, for which the transverse images are arranged in a direction perpendicular to a transverse plane; a second storage unit storing the cross sectional image; a peak detection unit extracting an outline of the cross sectional image for detecting peaks or troughs of the outline; a peak interpolation unit carrying out interpolation on the basis of a specified standard for an outline between the peaks or between the troughs detected by the peak detecting unit; and an image construction unit reconstructing the cross sectional image stored in the second storage unit using the outline interpolated by the peak interpolation unit.

Abstract: An automatic room environment controller which avoids the unnecessary improving operation for the room environment, the controller comprising: member for detecting condition of room environment; member for improving means for improving the condition of the room environment; first member for comparing a value of the condition previously detected by the detecting means with a first predetermined value to determine whether operation of the improving means is necessary or not, so that the operation of the improving means is continued until the condition is improved to the first predetermined value when the necessity of the operation of the improving means; second member for comparing a value of the condition detected at present by the detecting means with the previously detected value of the condition to determine whether the condition corresponding to the value detected at present is improved than the condition corresponding to the previously detected value or not, when the condition corresponding to the value d

Abstract: A heat exchanger of a construction having a plurality of plates disposed in mutual confrontation at a predetermined spaced interval among them to separate two fluids to be subjected to heat-exchange; a fin disposed in the space interval among the mutually opposed plates to form a plurality of parallel flow paths for controlling flow of the two fluids in the spaced interval, the spaced interval formed by the plates being in a plurality of stacked layers, and the portion where the fin is present and the empty space where no fin is present being so disposed in the plurality of space intervals in layer form that they may be staggered in the direction of stacking the plates; and a control member provided in each of the space intervals in layer form to separate and alternately lead into each space interval the primary fluid and the secondary fluid so as to effect the heat exchanging operation between the primary fluid and the secondary fluid in the course of their passage through the spaced interval in layer, while