Abstract: A panel-type speaker includes a panel and an actuator and is configured to vibrate the panel by the actuator so as to output sound waves from the panel, the actuator includes: a vibrating plate; and a piezoelectric element arranged on at least one surface of the vibrating plate, the piezoelectric element has, at a central portion of the piezoelectric element in a plan view, an opening from which the vibrating plate is exposed, and at a portion of the vibrating plate exposed from the opening, the vibrating plate is coupled to the panel.

Abstract: A panel-type speaker includes a panel and an actuator and is configured to vibrate the panel by the actuator so as to output sound waves from the panel, the actuator includes: a vibrating plate; and a piezoelectric element arranged on at least one surface of the vibrating plate, the piezoelectric element has, at a central portion of the piezoelectric element in a plan view, an opening from which the vibrating plate is exposed, and at a portion of the vibrating plate exposed from the opening, the vibrating plate is coupled to the panel.

Abstract: An input device according to one aspect of an embodiment includes an operation panel, a vibrator, a support panel, and an adhesive portion. The operation panel has an operation surface. The vibrator is mounted on a peripheral region of the operation panel and vibrates the operation panel in a plurality of modes having different vibration frequencies. The support panel is disposed to face a back surface of the operation panel that is opposite to the operation surface of the operation panel and supports the operation panel. The adhesive portion adheres the operation panel and the support panel to each other. In addition, the adhesive portion includes a first adhesive portion and a second adhesive portion. The first adhesive portion adheres the peripheral region of the operation panel on which the vibrator is mounted and the support panel to each other.

Abstract: An operation input device according to an embodiment includes a substrate, a protection film, and an adhesive agent. The substrate vibrates at an ultrasound frequency, and receives a touch input operation. The protection film is disposed on the substrate on the side of an operation surface. The adhesive agent is provided to a plurality of locations between the substrate and the protection film, and the protection film is bonded to the substrate by the adhesive agent.

Abstract: An input device includes an operation panel, a vibrator, a support panel, and an intermediate member. The operation panel has an operation surface and a back surface facing in a direction opposite to a direction in which the operation surface faces. The vibrator is mounted on the operation panel and vibrates the operation panel. The support panel is disposed to face the back surface of the operation panel and supports the operation panel, a space provided between the support panel and the back surface of the operation panel. The intermediate member is disposed between the operation panel and the support panel and is mounted to a first one of the back surface of the operation panel and the support panel.

Abstract: An operation input device according to an embodiment includes a substrate, a protection film, and an adhesive agent. The substrate vibrates at an ultrasound frequency, and receives a touch input operation. The protection film is disposed on the substrate on the side of an operation surface. The adhesive agent is provided to a plurality of locations between the substrate and the protection film, and the protection film is bonded to the substrate by the adhesive agent.

Abstract: An input device includes an operation panel, a vibrator, a support panel, and an intermediate member. The operation panel has an operation surface and a back surface facing in a direction opposite to a direction in which the operation surface faces. The vibrator is mounted on the operation panel and vibrates the operation panel. The support panel is disposed to face the back surface of the operation panel and supports the operation panel, a space provided between the support panel and the back surface of the operation panel. The intermediate member is disposed between the operation panel and the support panel and is mounted to a first one of the back surface of the operation panel and the support panel.

Abstract: An input device includes an operation panel, a vibrator, and a support panel. The operation panel has an operation surface and a back surface. The vibrator is mounted on a mounting region of the operation panel at an end portion of the back surface, and vibrates the operation panel. The support panel faces the back surface of the operation panel, and supports the operation panel. The support panel includes a first support panel and a second support panel. The first support panel that, when viewed in a direction orthogonal to the operation surface, overlaps the mounting region of the operation panel on which the vibrator is mounted. The second panel is disposed between the operation panel and the first support panel, and when viewed in the direction orthogonal to the operation surface, does not overlap the mounting region of the operation panel on which the vibrator is mounted.

Abstract: An input device according to one aspect of an embodiment includes an operation panel, a vibrator, a support panel, and an adhesive portion. The operation panel has an operation surface. The vibrator is mounted on a peripheral region of the operation panel and vibrates the operation panel in a plurality of modes having different vibration frequencies. The support panel is disposed to face a back surface of the operation panel that is opposite to the operation surface of the operation panel and supports the operation panel. The adhesive portion adheres the operation panel and the support panel to each other. In addition, the adhesive portion includes a first adhesive portion and a second adhesive portion. The first adhesive portion adheres the peripheral region of the operation panel on which the vibrator is mounted and the support panel to each other.

Abstract: There is provided an input device configured to receive a user's touch operation and to output a control signal. A first plate is configured to receive the user's touch operation. A vibrator configured to vibrate the first plate. A second plate is fixed with a predetermined interval between the first plate and the second plate and configured to support the first plate.

Abstract: A control apparatus specifies a response time required for a pre-change transmittance specified by image data of an image to be displayed on the liquid crystal display panel to become a post-change transmittance specified by image data of a subsequent image, subsequent to the image, to be displayed on the liquid crystal display panel, for each pixel of the liquid crystal display panel, based on the pre-change transmittance and on the post-change transmittance; derives a representative response time defined as a response time of an image in a frame, based on the response time specified for each of the pixels; and sets an unlit time period of the backlight, between display of the image and the subsequent image, according to the representative response time.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device that uses a liquid crystal material having spontaneous polarization and is actively driven by a TFT, a voltage corresponding to image data is applied twice by driving the TFT of each pixel electrode on a line by line basis of a liquid crystal panel, during writing in one frame. During erasure in one frame, voltage application to liquid crystal by batch selection of all the pixel electrodes is performed three times. With this three times of voltage application, it is possible to achieve a black display state in each pixel and make the stored charge amount at the liquid crystal in each pixel substantially zero.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device displays an image by stacking a plurality of liquid crystal panels, and by controlling a light transmittance with voltage application to liquid crystal of each panel, wherein during execution of voltage application to the liquid crystal of one of the panels, a voltage to the liquid crystal of the other panel serves as a non-display voltage. No image is displayed simultaneously on the two or more stacked liquid crystal panels. In the liquid crystal panel to which no voltage is applied and on which no image is displayed, the longitudinal axial direction of liquid crystal molecules coincides with the polarizing axial direction of polarizers, or is orthogonal to the polarizing axial direction; therefore, no influence is exerted on the overall double refraction, and the overall voltage-transmitted light intensity characteristic corresponds to the sum of the voltage-transmitted light intensity characteristics of the respective panels.

Abstract: A liquid crystal panel includes a glass substrate with pixel electrodes that are arranged in a matrix shape, TFTs that are connected to the pixel electrodes, and a glass substrate with an opposing electrode and color filters that are arranged in a matrix shape. A liquid crystal layer is formed in a space between the glass substrates by filling a ferroelectric liquid crystal into the space. When writing display data, and when deleting display data that has been written, a voltage, not including 0V, that becomes a voltage potential, or in other words, a voltage that is greater than a threshold voltage at which the optical characteristic of the filled ferroelectric liquid crystal changes is applied between the opposing electrode and pixel electrodes. An image is displayed over all gradation numbers, including the low-gradation side, and the display characteristic is improved.

Abstract: A control apparatus specifies a response time required for a pre-change transmittance specified by image data of an image to be displayed on the liquid crystal display panel to become a post-change transmittance specified by image data of a subsequent image, subsequent to the image, to be displayed on the liquid crystal display panel, for each pixel of the liquid crystal display panel, based on the pre-change transmittance and on the post-change transmittance; derives a representative response time defined as a response time of an image in a frame, based on the response time specified for each of the pixels; and sets an unlit time period of the backlight, between display of the image and the subsequent image, according to the representative response time.

Abstract: When the applied voltages are 7 V and 5 V, a transmittance of equal to or more than 50% is obtained when conditions of |2Ps·A|?|7Clc·A| and |2Ps·A|?|5Clc·A| are satisfied among the magnitude Ps (nC/cm2) of the spontaneous polarization per unit area of the liquid crystal material, the electrode area A (cm2) of the pixels and the capacity of liquid crystal Clc (nF/cm2) per unit area, and a transmittance of equal to or more than 80% is obtained when conditions of |2Ps·A|?|4.5Clc·A| and |2Ps·A|?|3Clc·A| are satisfied thereamong. A sufficiently high transmittance is obtained without the provision of a storage capacitor.

Abstract: A liquid crystal material is used in which the maximum angle of the optical axis change by liquid crystal molecule when a voltage of one polarity is applied is larger than 45 degrees and a condition of |2Ps·A|>|5(V)Clc·A| is satisfied where Ps (nC/cm2) is the magnitude of the spontaneous polarization per unit area, A (cm2) is the electrode area of the pixel and Clc (nF/cm2) is the liquid crystal capacity per unit area. The transmittance in the liquid crystal part is increased and excellent display can be performed without the provision of a storage capacitor. Consequently, the storage capacitor is unnecessary, so that the aperture ratio of the liquid crystal panel can be increased.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid crystal display including a panel using a liquid crystal material having spontaneous polarization, such as ferroelectroic liquid crystal (FLC), having a faster response time suitable to display dynamic images. The FLC has the disadvantage caused by the incomplete memory effect at during driving for displaying “black” in several frames, where the light transmittance is preferably desired zero. The panel in the display are driven signals so that the driving signals are applied across the picture element, where the signals are positively or negatively offset to reference voltage of the panel.

Abstract: Although portions of electrodes in proximity to a driver IC are covered with an insulating film, part of the electrodes is not covered with the insulating film. Thus, this insulating film absent region functions as an external voltage supply region that receives, from the outside, application of a voltage which is different from an output voltage from a driving unit. When the alignment of the initial state is disarranged, an alignment process is performed by short-circuiting all electrodes of the driving unit and applying a voltage from the outside, through the external voltage supply region, whereby the alignment is restored to the initial state with the driving unit being mounted on a liquid crystal panel.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprising: a peripheral electrode 31 that is formed around the outside of a display region 1a on a liquid crystal panel 1 and that generates an orientation state that is equivalent to that of the display region 1a; and an inverted electrode 32 that is formed around the outside of the peripheral electrode 31 and that generates an orientation state that has polarity opposite to that of the display region 1a; wherein the peripheral electrode 31 and the inverted electrode 32 have bipectinate construction and are arranged on both sides of a non-oriented buffer region 33. Orientation defects that are generated in a seal are trapped inside the buffer region 33 due to the existence of the peripheral electrode 31 and inverted electrode 32 that have different growth directions, so the orientation defects do not intrude into the display region 1a.