Abstract: A grease composition includes: a poly-?-olefin having a kinematic viscosity at 40 degrees C. of 60 to 320 mm2/s, the poly-?-olefin being contained in an amount of 50 mass % or more relative to a whole composition; a thickener that is a lithium salt of a hydroxyl-free fatty acid having 10 to 22 carbon atoms; and an ashless dithiocarbamate and/or zinc dithiocarbamate that are contained in an amount of 0.1 to 1.5 mass % in terms of sulfur relative to a whole composition. In the grease composition, a phosphorous content is 0.05 mass % or less relative to the whole composition, and a worked penetration is in a range from 265 to 310.

Abstract: A manufacturing method is provided to form an overhead transmission cable having an elongated stranded steel core, and at least one layer of conductor wires generally encircling the stranded steel core. Each conductor wire includes a circumferentially extending, metallurgically bonded aluminum outer layer of at least 99.5 percent pure aluminum and having an IACS conductivity of at least 20.3 percent. In one embodiment, the steel conductors include a generally circular cross-section and an aluminum outer layer metallurgically bonded thereto, with the thickness of the aluminum outer layer being at least 10 percent of the overall radial dimension of the conductor.

Abstract: A coated hard alloy blade member is disclosed which includes a substrate formed of a hard alloy of a WC-based cemented carbide or a TiCN-based cermet, and a hard coating deposited on the substrate. The hard coating includes an inner layer of TiCN having unilaterally grown crystals of an elongated shape and an outer layer of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 having a crystal form .kappa. or .kappa.+.alpha. wherein .kappa.>.alpha.. The resulting blade member is highly resistant to wear and fracturing, and possesses cutting ability of a higher level.

Abstract: A coated hard alloy blade member is disclosed which includes a substrate formed of a hard alloy of a WC-based cemented carbide or a TiCN-based cermet, and a hard coating deposited on the substrate. The hard coating includes an inner layer of TiCN having unilaterally grown crystals of an elongated shape and an outer layer of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 having a crystal form .kappa. or .kappa.+.alpha. wherein .kappa.>.alpha.. The resulting blade member is highly resistant to wear and fracturing, and possesses cutting ability of a higher level.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a tungsten carbide base cutting tools formed on sintered hard alloy substrate material. Multiple hard coatings are deposited on the Co-enriched surface layer of the substrate material, and Co-enriched surface layer occurs within a surface layer region that is 50 .mu.m from an interface of said substrate material, wherein the Co content in said surface layer that is 5-10 .mu.m from an interface of said substrate material is within a range from 15-25% by weight; wherein the Co content in said surface layer is more than the Co content in the core, and wherein the content of the carbides of Ti, Ta and Nb is lower than that in the core. The multilayer coating consists of a primary coating of TiCN, a secondary coating of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and the surface coating consisting of at least one of TiCN and TiN. The interface between the substrate material and the primary coating is provided with a first intermediate coating consisting of TiN.

Abstract: A cermet cutting tool, and process for producing the same, comprising a substrate formed from titanium carbo-nitride based cermet, and a hard coating layer of average thickness 0.5.about.20 .mu.m, formed onto the surface of the cermet substrate comprising a lower layer formed from at least one layer of a compound selected from the group consisting of titanium carbide (TiC), titanium nitride (TiN), titanium carbo-nitride (TiCN), titanium carbo-oxide (TiCO) and titanium carbo-oxi-nitride (TiCNO), and aluminum oxide (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3). Additionally, at least one of the layers comprising the hard coating layer is a titanium carbo-nitride layer, and at least one layer of this titanium carbo-nitride layer comprises a longitudinal growth crystal structure, and a further layer comprises a granular crystal structure. In the method of fabrication, chemical vapor deposition is performed using a reaction gas composed of 1.about.5% of TiCl.sub.4, 0.1.about.1% of CH.sub.3 CN, 0.about.25% of N.sub.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a tungsten carbide base cutting tools formed on sintered hard alloy substrate material. Multiple hard coatings are deposited on the Co-enriched surface layers of the substrate material, and a maximum value of the Co concentration in a layer occurs within a distance of 50 .mu.m of the external surface of the substrate material, and this surface layer region is referred to as the denuded zone because the surface region is substantially free of carbides, carbonitrides and nitrides of Ti, Ta, and Nb containing W. The multilayer coating consists of a primary coating of TiCN, a secondary coating of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and the surface coating consisting of at least one of TiCN and TiN. The interface between the substrate material and the primary coating is provided with a first intermediate coating consisting of TiN. The interface between the primary coating and the secondary coating is provided with a second intermediate coating consisting of at least one layer of TiC, TiCO and TiCNO.

Abstract: A hard alloy suitable for use in cutting tools, which exhibits excellent wear and fracture resistance, is disclosed. The hard alloy includes a hard dispersed phase and a binder metal phase, and the binder metal phase is constructed so that compressive stress, preferably of no less than 98 MPa (10 kgf/mm.sup.2), is retained therein. The hard alloy may be a cermet which includes a hard dispersed phase of at least one compound of titanium carbonitride and composite carbonitrides of titanium with at least one element of tantalum, tungsten, molybdenum, niobium, vanadium, chromium, zirconium or hafnium, and a binder metal phase of one or more of cobalt, nickel, iron and aluminum.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a cermet cutting tool, and process for producing the same, comprising a substrate formed from titanium carbo-nitride based cermet, and a hard coating layer of average thickness 0.5.about.20 .mu.m, formed onto the surface of the cermet substrate comprising a lower layer formed from at least one layer of a compound selected from the group consisting of titanium carbide (TiC), titanium nitride (TIN), titanium carbo-nitride (TiCN), titanium carbo-oxide (TiCO) and titanium carbo-oxi-nitride (TiCNO), and aluminum oxide (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3). Additionally, at least one of the layers comprising the hard coating layer is a titanium carbo-nitride layer, and at least one layer of this titanium carbo-nitride layer comprises a longitudinal growth crystal structure.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a tungsten carbide base cutting tools formed on sintered hard alloy substrate material. Multiple hard coatings are deposited on the Co-enriched surface layer of the substrate material, and Co-enriched surface layer occurs within a surface layer region that is 50 .mu.m from an interface of said substrate material, wherein the Co content in said surface layer that is 5-10 .mu.m from an interface of said substrate material is within a range from 15-25% by weight; wherein the Co content in said surface layer is more than the Co content in the core, and wherein the content of the carbides of Ti, Ta and Nb is lower than that in the core. The multilayer coating consists of a primary coating of TiCN, a secondary coating of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and the surface coating consisting of at least one of TiCN and TiN. The interface between the substrate material and the primary coating is provided with a first intermediate coating consisting of TiN.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a tungsten carbide base cutting tools formed on sintered hard alloy substrate material. Multiple hard coatings are deposited on the Co-enriched surface layers of the substrate material, and a maximum value of the Co concentration in a layer occurs within a distance of 50 .mu.m of the external surface of the substrate material, and this surface layer region is referred to as the denuded zone because the surface region is substantially free of carbides, carbonitrides and nitrides of Ti, Ta, and Nb containing W. The multilayer coating consists of a primary coating of TiCN, a secondary coating of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and the surface coating consisting of at least one of TiCN and TiN. The interface between the substrate material and the primary coating is provided with a first intermediate coating consisting of TiN. The interface between the primary coating and the secondary coating is provided with a second intermediate coating consisting of at least one layer of TiC, TiCO and TiCNO.

Abstract: There is disclosed a surface coated cermet blade member which includes a cermet substrate and a hard coating of an average thickness of 0.5 to 20 .mu.m formed thereon. The substrate contains, apart from unavoidable impurities, a binder phase of 5 to 30% by weight of at least one of cobalt, nickel, iron and aluminum, and a hard dispersed phase of a balance carbo-nitride of metals. The metals are titanium, tungsten and at least one of tantalum, niobium, vanadium, zirconium, molybdenum and chromium. The substrate includes a surface portion having a hardness greater than an interior portion. The hard coating may be composed of one or more coating layers. Each coating layer is formed of TiX or Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, where X denotes at least one element of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and boron.

Abstract: A tool member includes a tungsten carbide based cemented carbide substrate and a diamond coating deposited on the substrate. The substrate has two diffraction peaks K.alpha..sub.1 and K.alpha..sub.2 indexed by index of pane (211) for tungsten carbide in X-ray diffraction. The peaks satisfy the relationship of 1.sub.1 /1.sub.2 .ltoreq.35, where 1.sub.1 and 1.sub.2 are heights of the peaks K.alpha..sub.1 and K.alpha..sub.2 measured from a base of a trough between the two diffraction peaks. For manufacturing the tool member, a green compact is first sintered to provide a tungsten carbide based cemented carbide substrate. Subsequently the substrate is ground and subsequently heat-treated at a temperature between 1000.degree. C. and 1600.degree. C. in a vacuum or in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. Thereafter, a diamond coating is formed on the substrate by vapor-deposition method.

Abstract: There is disclosed a surface-coated tool member of tungsten carbide based cemented carbide which has a tungsten carbide based cemented carbide substrate and a hard coating formed on the substrate. The hard coating may have one or more layers each of which is made of one material selected from the group consisting of carbide, nitride and oxide of metals in groups IV.sub.A, V.sub.A and VI.sub.A of the Periodic Table; solid solution of said carbide, nitride and oxide; and aluminum oxide. The cobalt content of the substrate in a surface portion at a depth of about 2 .mu.m from a surface thereof is less than that in an interior portion at a depth of about 100 .mu.m from said surface by at least 10%.

Abstract: A microdrill bit is made of a tungsten carbide based cemented carbide which contains a binder phase of 6% by weight to 14% by weight of a cobalt alloy and a hard dispersed phase of balance tungsten carbide. The cobalt alloy contains cobalt, chromium, vanadium and tungsten and has weight ratios so as to satisfy the relationships of 0.04.ltoreq.(c+d)/(a+b+c+d).ltoreq.0.10 and 0.50.ltoreq.c/(c+d).ltoreq.0.95, where a, b, c and d denote weight ratios of tungsten, cobalt, chromium and vanadium, respectively. The drill bit is formed so as to have a Rockwell A scale hardness of 92.0 to 94.0.

Abstract: A cermet has a hard phase and a binder phase. The hard phase is formed by about 70% to about 95% by weight of elements including titanium, tantalum, tungsten, carbon and nitrogen. The elements have atomic ratios so as to satisfy the relationships of 0.05.ltoreq.b/(b+a).ltoreq.0.20, 0.04.ltoreq.c/(c+a).ltoreq.0.20 and 0.15.ltoreq.y/(x+y).ltoreq.0.60, where a, b, c, x and y denote atomic ratios of titanium, tantalum, tungsten, carbon and nitrogen, respectively. The binder phase is formed by about 5% to about 30% by weight of at least one metal of cobalt and nickel. Additionally, there is disclosed a process for producing such a cermet.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a surface-coated TiCN-base cermet material for inserts of cutting tools. A substrate of a TiCN-base cermet is prepared. Then, a hard surface layer is coated over surfaces of the substrate, the layer being formed of one of a single layer of one compound selected from the group consisting of TiC, TiN, and TiCN, and a composite layer of at least two compounds selected from the same group. In coating the hard surface layer, an ion plating method is applied under the conditions that the reaction temperature is 700.degree.-1000.degree. C., the voltage applied on the substrate (-)100-(-)1000 volts, and the pressure of the reaction atmosphere 1.times.10.sup.-5 -2.times.10.sup.-4 torr. The hard surface layer thus obtained has a mean thickness within a range from 0.5 to 10 microns and a mean grain size of not more than 0.05 microns.

Abstract: A surface-coated cutting member includes a substrate, a metal layer vapor-deposited on a surface of the substrate and a hard coating vapor-deposited on the metal layer. The substrate is made of hard material selected from the group consisting of tungsten carbide-based cemented carbide, titanium carbo-nitride based cermet and high speed steel. The metal layer is made of metal selected from Group IVa of the Periodic Table and has an average thickness of 0.1 to 1 .mu.m. The hard coating has an average thickness of 1 to 9 .mu.m, and includes an inner layer of an average thickness of 0.2 to 4 .mu.m vapor-deposited on the metal layer, an intermediate layer of an average thickness of 0.2 to 4 .mu.m vapor-deposited on the inner layer and an outer layer of an average thickness of 0.2 to 3 .mu.m vapor-deposited on the intermediate layer.

Abstract: A diamond-coated tungsten carbide-base sintered hard alloy material for inserts of cutting tools, which has greatly improved bond strength or degree of bonding of the diamond coating layer to the matrix and therefore is capable of exhibiting excellent cutting performance over a long period of time.The sintered hard alloy material comprises:(1) a matrix of a sintered hard alloy consisting essentially of 1-4 percent by weight cobalt, and the balance of tungsten carbide and inevitable impurities, the tungsten carbide having a coarse grain structure having an average grain size of 2-10 microns; and(2) a diamond coating layer formed over surfaces of the matrix by forming an etching layer over the matrix surfaces and then forming the diamond coating layer over the matrix surfaces via the etching layer by a low pressure vapor-phase synthesization method.If required, the matrix may further contain CO1-CO8 (ISO) free carbon.

Abstract: A composite overhead cable structure for electric and optical transmission comprising a pipe, at least one layer of stranded metallic elongated conductor surrounding the outer periphery of said pipe in close contact with said outer periphery, and an optical fiber cable tightly disposed within and extending throughout the length of said pipe through the medium of a packing comprised of at least one double packing layer of a non-metallic soft packing layer and a non-metallic rigid packing layer, thereby providing fixed package of said optical fiber cable in said pipe through said packing so that said optical fiber is unmovable relative to said pipe. With such a structure, the optical fiber cable is effectively prevented from not only occurrence of local bending or, but also from suffering excessive lateral forces, which leads to elimination of a danger that the optical fiber be damaged, thereby enabling the optical transmission properties to be stably maintained.