Abstract: A lattice pattern projector for measuring a three-dimensional shape with enhanced accuracy while shortening the measuring time using a lattice pattern projection method, characterized by comprising a light source section (101), a liquid crystal lattice (111), a section (102) for projecting a lattice pattern, formed by passing the outgoing light from the light source section through the liquid crystal lattice, to an object for measurement, a section (112) for driving the liquid crystal lattice such that a linear intensity distribution is present in one period of the lattice pattern, a section (104) for detecting the lattice pattern projected to the object for measurement and deformed, and an operating section (114) for converting the linear intensity distribution in each period of the deformed lattice pattern into a linear phase distribution having a phase varying linearly.

Abstract: A lattice pattern projector for measuring a three-dimensional shape with enhanced accuracy while shortening the measuring time using a lattice pattern projection method, characterized by comprising a light source section (101), a liquid crystal lattice (111), a section (102) for projecting a lattice pattern, formed by passing the outgoing light from the light source section through the liquid crystal lattice, to an object for measurement, a section (112) for driving the liquid crystal lattice such that a linear intensity distribution is present in one period of the lattice pattern, a section (104) for detecting the lattice pattern projected to the object for measurement and deformed, and an operating section (114) for converting the linear intensity distribution in each period of the deformed lattice pattern into a linear phase distribution having a phase varying linearly.

Abstract: A dimension measuring apparatus comprises a moving member adapted to move for dimension measurement, a grid device for moving with the moving member, an optical device for irradiating the grid device, a light receiving device for receiving the light radiated from the optical device and transmitted through the grid device and for generating a non-sinusoidal wave signal in accordance with the movement of the moving member, and a processing device for measuring the moving distance of the moving member based on the non-sinusoidal wave signal.

Abstract: A grommet assembly includes a main grommet body including first and second surfaces opposite one another. The first surface includes a sealing portion. A pivotable pressing member operatively associated with the main grommet body applies a pressing force to the second surface. The grommet assembly may include a rigid plate member including opposed tabbed hinge portions that receive a pivotable arm pivotable between a first position to apply a pressing force to the sealing portion and a second portion to release the pressing force. The grommet assembly may be attached to a vehicular wall panel by inserting the grommet into an opening of the wall panel, engaging a pressing member associated with the main grommet body with a bracket mounted on the wall panel, and pivoting the pressing member to apply a pressing force that seals connection between the main grommet body and the wall panel. The method may be carried out without accessing or modifying an interior portion of the wall panel.

Abstract: A grommet assembly has a main grommet body including first and second surfaces opposite one another. The first surface includes a sealing portion. An elastic pressing member operatively associated with the main grommet body applies a pressing force to the second surface. The elastic pressing member may attach to brackets provided on an exterior wall of a vehicle, e.g., an automobile. The grommet assembly may include a rigid plate member disposed between the elastic pressing member and main grommet body. The grommet assembly may include structure for substantially preventing relative rotation between the main grommet body and the elastic pressing member, structure for uniformly distributing the pressing force from the elastic pressing member to the main grommet body, and structure for supporting the elastic member in substantial alignment with the grommet body prior to assembly.

Abstract: A grommet is mounted into an opening formed in a mating member after a wire harness containing a plurality of wires tied up in a bundle is inserted through the grommet. The grommet has a base portion formed of rubber or resin and has in the annular outer peripheral wall thereof a mounting groove fittable with an opening edge of the mating member, a roof portion extending inwardly from the opening end of the base portion, a medium diameter portion formed in a cylindrical shape having an inside diameter larger than the diameter of the wire harness to be inserted therethrough and extending upwardly in the axial direction of the grommet from the roof portion, and a small diameter portion reducing continuously in diameter from the opening end of the medium diameter portion and extending further upwardly in the axial direction of the grommet in a cylindrical manner.

Abstract: To facilitate the mounting of a grommet in a hole formed in a body panel of a vehicle only by inserting it in one direction with a small force. There is provided a turnup portion 5d folded back from the outer radial end of a large diameter tubular portion 5c toward a small diameter tubular portion 5a. A locking groove 5e having a U-shaped cross is formed in the outer surface of the turnup portion 5d. At the leading end of the turnup portion 5d extending toward the small diameter tubular portion 5a, a locking portion 5g projects radially inwardly. A locking stepped portion 5h projects from the outer surface of the large diameter tubular portion 5c in a position corresponding to the locking groove 5e.

Abstract: A grommet which is used to protect a wire harness in a through portion formed in a vehicle body and the like. The grommet includes a base portion formed of rubber and having a mounting groove fittable with an opening edge of a mating member, a roof portion extending inwardly from the opening end of the base portion, and a guide portion extending in a cylindrical shape in the axial direction of the grommet from the inner end of the roof portion. In the grommet, a ring-shaped cavity is formed in the inner wall portion of the grommet extending from the base portion to the roof portion, and an annular cavity is formed in the inner peripheral wall of the base portion corresponding to the position of the mounting groove.

Abstract: A device capable of simultaneously measuring vertical hight of shapes and surface shape characteristics of an object, maintaining high precision. An acousto-optical element generates two beams of different frequencies of which the intensity distribution can be freely controlled. The optical device is provided with an optical heterodyne interference function and a cofocal scanning microscope function, and the extrasurface shape is measured by detecting the phase of a reflected light signal and the intrasurface shape is measured by detecting the cofocal point of a reflected light intensity signal. The extrasurface and intrasurface shapes can be simultaneously measured maintaining high precision in real time. The two beams used as probe light are little affected by vibration, etc., and make it possible to obtain stable measurement. The reflected light signal needs be simply processed using a small and cheaply constructed device which lends itself well to in-line measurement in production lines.

Abstract: A light beam scanner comprises a light beam generating unit for generating a light beam, a first scanning unit for guiding the light beam in a first scanning direction, a second scanning unit composed of a deflection prism for guiding the light beam in a second scanning direction that is different from the first scanning direction, and an object lens. The second scanning unit is movable in an optical direction in parallel with an optical axis or turnable around the optical axis, so that the light beam entering the second scanning unit may be deflected in any direction when exiting from the second scanning unit.

Abstract: A two-dimensional optical scanning system two fine-optical deflectors for a stepwise and fine deflection of a laser beam in two directions perpendicular to each other, whereby a fine scan zone can be stepwise scanned by the laser beam at a fine deflection distance. The optical scanning system also may have two coarse-optical deflectors for a stepwise and coarse deflection of the laser beam, whereby a coarse scan area can be scanned by the laser beam, the fine scan zone being encompassed by the coarse scan area at a coarse deflection distance, the fine zone being encompassed by the coarse scan area.

Abstract: In micro-dimensional measurement apparatus including an optical scanning system and a processor for optical data obtained therefrom the measurement is based upon a comparison of previously prepared reference data and optical data from an object to be measured, and features use of a twin laser beam in the scanning operation.

Abstract: In a micro-dimensional measurement apparatus including an optical scanning system and a processor for optical data obtained therefrom, the measurement is based upon a comparison of previously prepared reference data and optical data obtained from an object to be measured. The comparison is carried out by using at least two kinds of optical data.

Abstract: A micro-dimensional measurement apparatus for precise non-contact measurement of distances between edges formed upon a surface, basically comprising an acousto-optical element for scanning a light beam across the surface with the scanning distance varying in accordance with a deflection voltage, a photo-sensor for sensing the intensity of resultant light reflected from the surface, and a data-processing circuits for determining when the rate of change of the reflected light intensity reaches maximum values, corresponding to positions of surface edges, and for measuring the distance between a pair of edges on the surface based upon a change in the deflection voltage occurring between the corresponding two maximum values.

Abstract: A surface condition measurement apparatus comprises a laser light source producing a light beam which is converted into two light beams of mutually different frequencies by an acousto-optical element, these light beams are split into two pairs directed in different directions with one pair serving to generate a beat-frequency signal used as a phase reference signal by heterodyne interference and the other pair being focussed onto a body surface to be reflected therefrom and with an electrical signal being generated from the reflected light as a beat-frequency signal, a phase difference between the latter signal and the reference signal being measured and processed to derive a difference in surface height between the surface points from which the light beam pair are reflected.

Abstract: A surface shape measurement apparatus of non-contact type is based upon acousto-optical scanning means for producing a pair of polarized light beams differing in frequency by a fixed amount, which are scanned twice in succession across the surface to be measured in a succession of steps, with an electrical signal being produced by heterodyne interference of the resultant reflected light. Variations in phase of this signal, produced during the first scan, are processed to derive a set of data values representing measurement errors produced during the successive steps, which are utilized to correct a set of phase measurement values obtained during the second scan. The corrected phase measurement values thus obtained are integrated to produced surface shape data, with an accuracy of approximately 0.01 .mu.m or better being attainable.

Abstract: A method and drive system for driving an electro-optical display device having a matrix of an n-number of digit electrodes having a plurality of electrodes groups spaced from one another, and a plurality of groups of segment electrodes associated with each of said electrode groups to provide a plurality of display elements at each of the groups. m-number of digit electrodes are simultaneously applied with excitation voltages each having at least two potential levels opposite in porality during an excitation period of:1/n<t.ltoreq.m/nwhere t represents the excitation period during which period n-m number of digit electrodes are applied with a non-excitation or reference voltage having a potential level intermediate between the potential levels of the excitation voltages.

Abstract: A matrix driving method for driving an electro-optical display device including digit and segment electrodes arranged in a matrix configuration, in which digit and segment drive signals are applied to digit and segment electrodes in such a manner that the digit drive signals applied to all the digit electrodes have potentials equal in level with each other during a prescribed time interval during which the potential of a first segment drive signal inducing a state of non-display at all the digit electrodes is equal to the potential of each of the digit drive signals.

Abstract: A method of driving a liquid crystal display matrix, in which digit drive signals are applied to digit electrodes and segment drive signals are applied to segment electrodes. Each of the digit drive signals has first pulse components of a first pulse width varying at a plurality of voltage potentials in a first predetermined sequence during each cycle, and a second pulse component of a second pulse width having a selected one of the voltage potentials during each half cycle. Each of the segment drive signals has first pulse components of the first pulse width varying at at least two of the voltage potentials in a second predetermined sequence, and a second pulse component of the second pulse width having a voltage potential equal to that of the second pulse component of the digit drive signal.