Abstract: In an embodiment method for growing a rare earth oxide crystal, a surface of a Si substrate is cleaned by carrying out treatments using chemical solutions such as a mixed sulfuric acid-hydrogen peroxide solution, hot nitric acid, or diluted hydrofluoric acid several times to remove impurities on the surface of the Si substrate. A silicon oxide layer including amorphous SiOx is formed on the Si substrate. A metal layer including a rare earth metal is formed in contact with an upper surface of the silicon oxide layer. The silicon oxide layer is reacted with the metal layer through heating to form a first crystal layer including a rare earth oxide crystal obtained by oxidizing the rare earth metal on the Si substrate.

Abstract: A heat-sensitive transfer image-receiving sheet, having on a support: at least one heat insulation layer and at least one receptor layer containing a vinyl chloride-series latex copolymer in this order, in which at least one intermediate layer is provided between the heat insulation layer and the receptor layer, the total dry film thickness of the receptor layer and the intermediate layer is 2.5 to 4.0 ?m, and the intermediate layer contains 90 mass % or more of a polymer having a glass transition temperature of 30° C. or higher.

Abstract: A heat-sensitive transfer image-receiving sheet, having on a support: at least one heat insulation layer and at least one receptor layer containing a vinyl chloride-series latex copolymer in this order, in which at least one intermediate layer is provided between the heat insulation layer and the receptor layer, the total dry film thickness of the receptor layer and the intermediate layer is 2.5 to 4.0 ?m, and the intermediate layer contains 90 mass % or more of a polymer having a glass transition temperature of 30° C. or higher.

Abstract: A magnetic recording tape is described, which comprises a plastic support having provided thereon a magnetic layer comprising a ferromagnetic metal powder dispersed in a binder, wherein the magnetic layer has the product P of the coercivity Hc (Oe) in the in-plane machine direction of the tape and the magnetic flux &phgr;m (G·cm) of from 100 to 160.

Abstract: The magnetic tape processing method and apparatus allow at least one of a laser beam or laser beams in a visible region and a laser beam or laser beams in an ultraviolet region to be incident on a backing layer of a magnetic tape while transporting the magnetic tape in a lengthwise direction of the magnetic tape and process the backing layer by means of the laser beam or laser beams to form recesses on the backing layer. The processed magnetic tape is composed of a base layer, a magnetic layer formed on one surface of the base layer and the backing layer formed on another surface of the base layer and having recesses which are formed by processing the backing layer by means of the laser beam or laser beams.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium using a biaxially oriented aromatic polyamide film as a nonmagnetic support resulting in hardly any improper windings or edge damages. The magnetic recording medium includes a magnetic layer containing ferromagnetic powders dispersed in a binder formed on the nonmagnetic support, wherein the biaxially oriented aromatic support has a ratio of the loss tangent at a temperature of 40° C. to the loss tangent at a temperature of 100° C. of 0.7 or higher.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium is disclosed, comprising a non-magnetic support having provided thereon at least a lower non-magnetic layer comprising a binder having dispersed therein a non-magnetic powder and an upper magnetic layer comprising a binder having dispersed therein a ferromagnetic powder which has been coated on said lower non-magnetic layer while the lower non-magnetic layer is wet, wherein the upper magnetic layer has an average dry thickness (d) of not more than 1.0 &mgr;m and an average thickness variation (&Dgr;d) at the interface between the upper magnetic layer and lower non-magnetic layer is not more than d/2. The magnetic recording medium exhibits excellent electromagnetic characteristics, running properties, and durability.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium is disclosed, comprising a non-magnetic support having provided thereon at least a lower non-magnetic layer comprising a binder having dispersed therein a non-magnetic powder and an upper magnetic layer comprising a binder having dispersed therein a ferromagnetic powder which has been coated on said lower non-magnetic layer while the lower non-magnetic layer is wet, wherein the upper magnetic layer has an average dry thickness (d) of not more than 1.0 .mu.m and an average thickness variation (.sup..DELTA. d) at the interface between the upper magnetic layer and lower non-magnetic layer is not more than d/2. The magnetic recording medium exhibits excellent electromagnetic characteristics, running properties, and durability.

Abstract: A cleaning medium for magnetic recording devices comprises a non-magnetic substrate, a lower coating layer, which is overlaid upon the non-magnetic substrate and primarily contains a binder and non-magnetic inorganic particles dispersed in the binder, and a cleaning layer, which is overlaid upon the lower coating layer and contains a binder and inorganic particles dispersed in the binder and at least containing ferromagnetic particles. An at least 50% by weight portion of the non-magnetic inorganic particles, which are contained in the lower coating layer, is constituted of granular inorganic particles, which have a mean particle diameter of at most 0.08 .mu.m, or acicular inorganic particles, which have a mean longer axis length falling within the range of 0.05 .mu.m to 0.3 .mu.m and an acicular ratio falling within the range of 3 to 20.

Abstract: A cleaning medium for magnetic recording devices comprises a non-magnetic substrate, a lower coating layer, which is overlaid upon the non-magnetic substrate and primarily contains a binder and non-magnetic inorganic particles dispersed in the binder, and a cleaning layer, which is overlaid upon the lower coating layer and contains a binder and inorganic particles dispersed in the binder and at least containing ferromagnetic particles. An at least 50% by weight portion of the non-magnetic inorganic particles, which are contained in the lower coating layer, is constituted of granular inorganic particles, which have a mean particle diameter of at most 0.08 .mu.m, or acicular inorganic particles, which have a mean longer axis length falling within the range of 0.05 .mu.m to 0.3 .mu.m and an acicular ratio falling within the range of 3 to 20.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium is disclosed, which comprises a support having thereon a magnetic layer comprising a binder and a ferromagnetic powder dispersed therein, wherein said binder comprises a polyurethane resin having at least one cyclic hydrocarbon group and at least one ether linkage, and said ferromagnetic powder is a ferromagnetic metallic powder which comprises Fe and has a mean major-axis length of from 0.05 to 0.19 .mu.m and a crystallite size of from 100 to 230 .ANG.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium is disclosed, comprising a nonmagnetic support having thereon at least two coating layers which comprise:a lower coating layer mainly comprising (1) at least one particles selected from nonmagnetic particles or soft magnetic particles and (2) a binder, formed on the support, anda magnetic layer comprising ferromagnetic particles dispersed in a binder, formed on the lower coating layer,wherein at least said lower coating layer contains a polyurethane resin having a cyclic structure and containing an ether group, and said nonmagnetic particles or soft magnetic particles contained in said lower coating layer have an average long axis length of from 0.04 to 0.20 .mu.m and an acicular ratio (long axis/short axis) of from 2 to 10.It is a high-output, low-noise magnetic recording medium having excellent magnetic-layer surface properties and satisfactory running durability.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium is disclosed, comprising a non-magnetic support having provided thereon at least a lower non-magnetic layer comprising a binder having dispersed therein a non-magnetic powder and an upper magnetic layer comprising a binder having dispersed therein a ferromagnetic powder which has been coated on said lower non-magnetic layer while the lower non-magnetic layer is wet, wherein the upper magnetic layer has an average dry thickness (d) of not more than 1.0 .mu.m and an average thickness variation (.sup..DELTA. d) at the interface between the upper magnetic layer and lower non-magnetic layer is not more than d/2. The magnetic recording medium exhibits excellent electromagnetic characteristics, running properties, and durability.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium is disclosed, comprising a non-magnetic support having provided thereon at least a lower non-magnetic layer comprising a binder having dispersed therein a non-magnetic powder and an upper magnetic layer comprising which has been coated on said lower non-magnetic layer while the lower non-magnetic layer is wet or in a dry state, wherein the coating solution for the lower non-magnetic layer having a thixotropic property and the lower non-magnetic layer containing either (a) an acicular inorganic powder having a Mohs hardness of 3 or more and a major axis length of 0.3 .mu.m or less or (b) a spherical inorganic powder other than carbon black having an average primary particle size of 0.08 .mu.m or less. The magnetic recording medium exhibits excellent electromagnetic characteristics, running properties, and durability.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium is disclosed, comprising a non-magnetic support having provided thereon at least a lower non-magnetic layer comprising a binder having dispersed therein a non-magnetic powder and an upper magnetic layer comprising a binder having dispersed therein a ferromagnetic powder which has been coated on said lower non-magnetic layer while the lower non-magnetic layer is wet, wherein the upper magnetic layer has an average dry thickness (d) of not more than 1.0 .mu.m and an average thickness variation (.sup..DELTA. d) at the interface between the upper magnetic layer and lower non-magnetic layer is not more than d/2. The magnetic recording medium exhibits excellent electromagnetic characteristics, running properties, and durability.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium is disclosed, comprising a non-magnetic support having provided thereon at least a lower non-magnetic layer comprising a binder having dispersed therein a non-magnetic powder and an upper magnetic layer comprising a binder having dispersed therein a ferromagnetic powder which has been coated on said lower non-magnetic layer while the lower non-magnetic layer is wet, wherein the upper magnetic layer has an average dry thickness (d) of not more than 1.0 .mu.m and an average thickness variation (.sup..DELTA. d) at the interface between the upper magnetic layer and lower non-magnetic layer is not more than d/2. The magnetic recording medium exhibits excellent electromagnetic characteristics, running properties, and durability.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium is disclosed, comprising a lower coating layer mainly comprising an inorganic powder and a binder provided on a non-magnetic support, and one or more magnetic layers comprising at least a ferromagnetic metal powder and a binder provided on the lower coating layer, wherein the thickness of said magnetic layers is from 0.05 .mu.m to 0.8 .mu.m and the magnetic particle incorporated in said magnetic layers comprises Fe as a main component, Co in an amount of from 10 atm-% to 40 atm-% and Y is an amount of from 1.5 atm-% to 10 atm-%, based on Fe.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprises a non-magnetic substrate, a lower coating layer, which is overlaid upon the non-magnetic substrate and primarily contains a binder and inorganic particles dispersed in the binder, and a magnetic layer, which is overlaid upon the lower coating layer and is constituted of at least a single layer. The magnetic layer contains at least a binder and ferromagnetic metal particles dispersed in the binder. The thickness of the magnetic layer falls within the range of 0.05 .mu.m to 0.5 .mu.m. The surface roughness of a top magnetic layer is at most 3 nm. The lower coating layer contains a fatty acid. An increase in the number of small protrusions, which have a height of at least 30 nm, does not occur substantially on the surface of the magnetic layer after the magnetic recording medium has been stored for seven days under environmental conditions of a temperature of 60.degree. C. and a relative humidity of 90%.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium is disclosed, comprising a non-magnetic support having provided thereon at least a lower non-magnetic layer comprising a binder having dispersed therein a non-magnetic powder and an upper magnetic layer comprising a binder having dispersed therein a ferromagnetic powder which has been coated on said lower non-magnetic layer while the lower non-magnetic layer is wet, wherein the upper magnetic layer has an average dry thickness (d) of not more than 1.0 .mu.m and an average thickness variation (.sup..DELTA. d) at the interface between the upper magnetic layer and lower non-magnetic layer is not more than d/2. The magnetic recording medium exhibits excellent electromagnetic characteristics, running properties, and durability.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprises a non-magnetic support having provided thereon a lower magnetic layer having a thickness of 2.5 .mu.m or higher and an upper magnetic layer having a thickness of 2 .mu.m or lower in this order, wherein both the upper and lower magnetic layers contain ferromagnetic particles, and the lower magnetic layer contains carbon black having an average primary particle diameter of less than 20 .mu.m in the amount of from 1.0 to 20 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the ferromagnetic particles contained in the lower magnetic layer, and the upper magnetic layer contains carbon black having an average primary particle diameter of at least 40 .mu.m but less than 80 .mu.m in an amount of from 0.1 to 10.0 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the ferromagnetic particles contained in the upper magnetic layer, but less than the amount of carbon black used in the lower magnetic layer.