Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed which reduce the occurrence of defects in semiconductor devices by selecting transportation routes for the semiconductor devices which reduce or minimize the amount of cosmic ray radiation to which the semiconductor devices are subjected during transportation. Cosmic radiation exposure is determined for a plurality of transportation routes and a route is selected which minimizes or reduces the radiation to which semiconductor devices are exposed during transportation.

Abstract: A transporting method, a packaging method, and a packaging kit for semiconductor devices protect semiconductor devices, such as solid-state image sensing devices, from characteristic degradation thereof caused by exposure to cosmic rays during transport by air. The semiconductor devices are air-transported while being maintained warm at a predetermined temperature at which characteristic degradation attributable to the exposure to cosmic rays can be restrained.

Abstract: The occurrence of defects of a semiconductor device at the time of transportation is prevented by the present invention relates to a transportation method for a semiconductor device which uses, for transportation of a semiconductor device from the departure point to the arrival point, the transportation route B1+B2 wherein the cosmic ray concentration is the smallest among a plurality of transportation routes A and B1+B2 from the departure point to the arrival point.

Abstract: A method of post-processing a solid-state imaging device including a wafer processing step 1 (S1), an assembly step 2 (S2) in which packaging is performed, an inspection step 3 (S3), and an annealing step (S4) in which a solid-state having gone through the inspection step 3 is annealed at a predetermined temperature. The method makes it possible to reduce the level of an image defect that occurs after assembly.

Abstract: A method of moving and guiding the travel of a golf cart between a plurality of marker lines by steering the cart, when sensing one marker line, toward the other marker line. A plurality of parallel lines to be sensed is formed by linearly disposing magnetic elements between the marker lines such that the extended parts of the parallel lines traverse the marker lines. An angle of the golf cart going into, or traversing, the parallel lines to be sensed by the golf cart is calculated when the golf cart, having a golf cart sensor, advances linearly and traverses the lines. The steering angle of the golf cart is altered such that the angle of the golf cart departure from the parallel lines is always at a fixed value with respect to the parallel lines.

Abstract: A method of guiding the travel of golf carts, wherein a marker line is formed of cart guides and is sensed by the golf carts through guide sensing means. The carts are advanced to trace along the marker line and each of the carts is automatically steered so as not to repeatedly pass over the same route. A travel switching detector or sensing element is laid at an arbitrary part of, or in the vicinity of, the marker line. When sensing the travel switching detector, the carts are, after sensing, traveled further to trace along the marker line by different distances for each of the golf carts. After having run on the particular distances, the carts are advanced while turning the steering angles in predetermined directions, and after having traveled a predetermined distance, the carts travel while turning the steering angles in opposite directions.

Abstract: A method of moving and guiding a cart on a course, comprising the step of burying magnetic elements under a ground surface of the course to form a marker line in a moving direction of the cart. The magnetic elements comprise different poles defining one of S-shaped and zigzag-shaped routes and a predetermined route of a cart movement. A pole polarity is sensed for switching movement of the cart between the one of S-shaped and zigzag-shaped routes and the predetermined route for moving the cart along the marker line.