Abstract: The precision of phase difference AF control is raised.

Abstract: Interpolation precision of phase difference detection pixels is raised. An image sensor (14) is provided with a color filter (30) upon which a basic sequence pattern, formed by disposing a first sequence pattern and a second sequence pattern in point symmetry, is repeatedly disposed. In the first sequence pattern, first filters are disposed on pixels in the four corners and in the center of a square array of 3×3 pixels, second filters are disposed in a horizontal line in the center of a square array, and third filters are disposed in a vertical line in the center of a square array. In the second sequence pattern, the first sequence pattern and the positions of the first filters are the same, while the positions of the second filters and the positions of the third filters have been swapped.

Abstract: An image pickup device includes: a color filter having basic array patterns with first and second array patterns disposed symmetrically, wherein the first array pattern has a first filter at the 4 corner and center pixels of a 3×3 pixel square array, a second filter in a line at the horizontal direction center of the square array, and a third filter placed in a line at the vertical direction center of the square array, and the second array pattern has the same placement of the first filter as the first array pattern and has placement of the second filter and placement of the third filter swapped to that of the first array pattern; and phase difference detection pixels placed on pixels corresponding to positions of centers of at least 1 pair of patterns out of 2 pairs of the first array pattern and the second array pattern.

Abstract: A plurality of pixels 2 are arranged in a square lattice form, the color filters of RGB are arranged in a Bayer arrangement and a pair of a first phase difference detection pixel 3 which acquires a captured image signals for a right eye and a second phase difference detection pixel 4 which acquires a captured image signals for a left eye are provided on discrete and periodic positions in the square lattice form, the first phase difference detection pixel 3 is provided among the respective pixels of the square lattice form at 2n+1-pixel (n=1, 2, . . . ) intervals both in a horizontal direction and a vertical direction, and the second phase difference detection pixel 4 of the pair is provided on a pixel having the same color filter and spaced apart from the first phase difference detection pixel by two pixels.

Abstract: An imaging device includes a control unit provided to perform first control or second control on the same type of plural pixel rows as phase difference pixel rows which are arranged in parallel in a column direction at regular intervals, in which pixel rows on which the first control is performed and pixel rows on which the second control is performed are alternately arranged in parallel in the column direction, in the first control, a signal is not read out from each pixel of the pixel rows to be controlled but a signal is read out from each pixel of two pixel rows which are adjacent to the pixel row to be controlled, in the second control, a signal is read out from each pixel of the pixel row to be controlled, and the control unit performs the first control at least on the phase difference pixel rows.

Abstract: An image pickup device includes: a color filter having basic array patterns with first and second array patterns disposed symmetrically, wherein the first array pattern has a first filter at the 4 corner and center pixels of a 3×3 pixel square array, a second filter in a line at the horizontal direction center of the square array, and a third filter placed in a line at the vertical direction center of the square array, and the second array pattern has the same placement of the first filter as the first array pattern and has placement of the second filter and placement of the third filter swapped to that of the first array pattern; and phase difference detection pixels placed on pixels corresponding to positions of centers of at least 1 pair of patterns out of 2 pairs of the first array pattern and the second array pattern.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus with a solid-state imaging device having phase difference detection pixels arranged on a light receiving surface acquires the size of a main subject image by identifying the main subject image picked on the light receiving surface of the solid-state imaging device, sets an AF region subjected to autofocus processing in accordance with an image size, and selects a phase difference AF mode (step S32) or a contrast AF mode (step S31) depending on whether the image size is larger than a required size (step S23) as a mode used for the autofocus processing.

Abstract: An imaging device, comprising: an imaging unit having first pixels configured to photoelectrically convert a subject image which is imaged with a photographic lens and to output a first image signal, and second pixels configured to be placed discretely between the first pixels so as to photoelectrically convert each of a plurality of subject images which come from divided pupil regions formed by dividing a pupil region of the photographic lens and to output second image signals having a phase difference; an imaging control unit; a parallax information calculation unit; a plane image generation unit; and a blurring processing unit configured to determine target pixels in the plane image which are to be subjected to blurring processing, based on the parallax information calculated by the parallax information calculation unit, and to perform blurring processing on the determined target pixels in the plane image.

Abstract: At a first point in time, the amount of opening of a diaphragm is controlled in such a manner that parallax is obtained in a plurality of images that are output as a result of imaging, whereby a parallax image is acquired. At a second point in time, the diaphragm is controlled in such a manner that the amount of opening thereof is made smaller than at the first point in time, whereby a planar image is acquired. Parallax information is calculated based upon the plurality of images acquired at the first point in time, and the planar image acquired at the second point in time is created. This stereoscopic imaging apparatus creates a stereoscopic image comprising parallax information and a planar image.

Abstract: An image capturing element is provided with: a color filter in which a basic arrangement pattern having first and second arrangement patterns arranged to be symmetrical about a point is repeated. The first arrangement pattern comprises first filters arranged on pixels in 2×2 arrangement located at the upper-left portion and a pixel located at the lower-right in a 3×3 pixel square arrangement, second filters arranged on the center and lower end lines in the vertical direction of the square arrangement, and third filters arranged on the center and right lines in the horizontal direction of the square arrangement. The second arrangement pattern comprises the first filters having the same arrangement as in the first arrangement pattern, and the second filters and the third filters having the arrangements interchanged with each other compared to the arrangements in the first arrangement pattern.

Abstract: An image pickup device includes: a color filter having repeatedly disposed basic array patterns configured with first and second array patterns disposed symmetrically about a point, wherein the first array pattern has a first filter placed at the 4 corner and center pixels of a 3×3 pixel square array, a second filter placed in a line at the horizontal direction center of the square array, and a third filter placed in a line at the vertical direction center of the square array, and the second array pattern has the same placement of the first filter as the first array pattern and has placement of the second filter and placement of the third filter swapped over to that of the first array pattern; and phase difference detection pixels placed at positions corresponding to the first filter at a top and bottom edge sides in the array pattern.

Abstract: Interpolation precision of phase difference detection pixels is raised. An image pickup device includes: a color filter disposed with a repeating basic array pattern configured by 3×3 pixel square arrays of a first array pattern and a second array pattern disposed symmetrically about a point; a first phase difference detection pixel that is placed at a position of a pixel corresponding to 1 corner portion out of the 4 corner portions of at least one array pattern in 1 pair of the first array pattern and the second array pattern out of 2 pairs of the first array pattern and the second array pattern configuring the basic array pattern; and a second phase difference detection pixel that is placed at a position of a pixel corresponding to 1 corner portion out of the 4 corner portions in the array pattern, out of the first array pattern.

Abstract: Interpolation precision of phase difference detection pixels is raised. An image sensor (14) is provided with a color filter (30) upon which a basic sequence pattern, formed by disposing a first sequence pattern and a second sequence pattern in point symmetry, is repeatedly disposed. In the first sequence pattern, first filters are disposed on pixels in the four corners and in the center of a square array of 3×3 pixels, second filters are disposed in a horizontal line in the center of a square array, and third filters are disposed in a vertical line in the center of a square array. In the second sequence pattern, the first sequence pattern and the positions of the first filters are the same, while the positions of the second filters and the positions of the third filters have been swapped.

Abstract: The precision of phase difference AF control is raised.

Abstract: An electrode module includes a working electrode, a counter electrode, a reference electrode and a well (container) for retaining an electrolytic solution and is used in electrochemical measuring instruments. This electrode module is produced by integrating the well with at least one of the working electrode, the counter electrode and the reference electrode. This integrated electrode includes a chip-like electrode having a thin membrane of an electrode material formed on the surface of a chip-like base metal. This chip-like electrode is disposed on and integrated with the bottom of the well in a detachable manner. There is provided the compact, low price electrode module of high repetition use efficiency with no need of maintenance and having easy handling.

Abstract: An imaging device, comprising: a single imaging optical system; an imaging unit; a diaphragm unit; a diaphragm control unit; an imaging control unit; a parallax information calculation unit configured to calculate parallax information based on the pair of viewpoint images outputted from the imaging unit at the first point or points of time; a plane image generation unit configured to generate a plane image based on the pair of viewpoint images outputted from the imaging unit at the second point of time; and a blurring processing unit configured to determine target pixels in the plane image which are to be subjected to blurring processing, based on the parallax information calculated by the parallax information calculation unit, and to perform blurring processing on the determined target pixels in the plane image.

Abstract: An electronic camera is provided with a power-saving S-AF mode and a C-AF mode as focus adjustment modes. In the S-AF mode, focus adjustment is performed upon half depression of a release button. In the C-AF mode, the focus adjustment is repeated during a shooting mode regardless of the half depression of the release button to simplify the focus adjustment of a shooting time so that shooting is smoothly performed. When the electronic camera is set to the shooting mode, an AF controller obtains an Ev value representing subject brightness. The Ev value is compared with a threshold value stored in a memory. When the Ev value exceeds the threshold value, the focus adjustment mode is changed to the S-AF mode. When the Ev value falls below the threshold value, the focus adjustment mode is changed to the C-AF mode.

Abstract: In an exhaust emission control device, a selective reduction catalyst 5 having a property capable of selectively reacting NOx with ammonia even in the presence of oxygen is incorporated as NOx reduction catalyst in an exhaust pipe 4 and a particulate filter 13 is arranged upstream of the catalyst. Arranged in front of the particulate filter 13 is a burner 14 for injection of fuel in moderate quantity for ignition and combustion. Interposed between the particulate filter 13 and the selective reduction catalyst 5 is an oxidation catalyst 15 which conducts oxidation treatment of unburned HC in the exhaust gas 3 and urges oxidation reaction of NO in the exhaust gas 3 into NO2.

Abstract: The invention has its object to realize compact arrangement of particulate filter 5 and selective reduction catalyst 6 for improved mountability on a vehicle while a sufficient reaction time is ensured for generation of ammonia from urea water. In an exhaust emission control device with the filter 5 and the catalyst 6 capable of selectively reacting NOx with ammonia even in the presence of oxygen being incorporated in an exhaust pipe 4, urea water as reducing agent being addible therebetween, the filter 5 is arranged in a fore-and-aft direction of a vehicle and along a frame 10 of the vehicle. The catalyst 6 is arranged in a vicinity of an inlet end of the filter 5 and directed laterally outward of the vehicle. A communication passage 9 is arranged to guide the exhaust gas 3 discharged from an outlet end of the filter 5 to an inlet end of the catalyst 6 in a forwardly fold-back manner. A urea water adding injector 11 (urea water adding means) for addition of urea water is arranged midway of the passage 9.

Abstract: An air conditioning system for a vehicle is provided with a heat pump circulation path through which a refrigerant body is circulated through a compressor. The heat pump circulation path is provided with a condenser unit, an expansion valve, a first evaporator, a heater, and a second evaporator. The heat pump circulation path is also provided with a bypass means which, in heating operation, bypasses a main condenser for constituting the condenser unit and connects the heater and a gas-liquid separation-type refrigerant body containing section. The configuration provides effects which minimize an increase in the number of dedicated parts required only in a heating mode and which, by effectively utilizing the system in a cooling mode, prevents a reduction in the air conditioning performance caused by the shortage of the refrigerant body.