Abstract: A semiconductor material of the present disclosure is represented by formula (I) below, in which R1, R2, and R3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R4 represents an aryl group, an amino group, a hydroxy group, or an alkoxy group, and n represents an integer greater than or equal to 2; and a photoelectric conversion element of the present disclosure includes a first electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer, a hole transport layer, and a second electrode in this order, in which the hole transport layer includes the semiconductor material of the present disclosure:

Abstract: A bobbin transporting system in which a plurality of spinning frames are connected in parallel to each other to one end side of a single transport conveyor while a plurality of winders are connected to the other end side of the transport conveyor and the transport conveyor is connected to the taking-in sides of the winders or the taking-in sides of the spinning frames by an annular circulating path.

Abstract: A developing device includes a developing section provided with an applicator for applying a developer to a latent electrostatic image and a supporting section for supporting the developing section turnably between an operating position at which the developer held on the applicator acts on image-bearing member and a non-operating position at which the developer held on the applicator does not substantially act on the image-bearing member. According to a first aspect, positioning device acts on the developing section and holds it at the operating position. According to a second aspect, there is provided device for holding the developing section at the non-operating position at the time of mounting a main body of the developing device on an image-forming machine. According to a third aspect, when the main body of the developing device is mounted on the image-forming machine, electrical connecters provided thereon are electrically coupled to each other.

Abstract: A charge eliminating lamp device, for use in an electrostatic copying apparatus, comprising a light shielding frame member having a light transmission opening formed on that surface which faces the surface of an electrostatographic material, a plurality of selectively energizable illuminating lamps disposed within the light shielding frame member in spaced-apart relationship in the width direction of the electrostatographic material, and a plurality of inside edge restricting light shielding walls disposed within the light shielding frame member and positioned adjacent to the insides of the illuminating lamps respectively as viewed in said width direction. The charge eliminating lamp device includes selectively energizable auxiliary lamps disposed among said illuminating lamps as viewed in said width direction.

Abstract: A developing device includes a developing section provided with an applicator for applying a developer to a latent electrostatic image and a supporting section for supporting the developing section turnably between an operating position at which the developer held on the applicator acts on image-bearing member and a non-operating position at which the developer held on the applicator does not substantially act on the image-bearing member. According to a first aspect, positioning device acts on the developing section and holds it at the operating position. According to a second aspect, there is provided device for holding the developing section at the non-operating position at the time of mounting a main body of the developing device on an image-forming machine. According to a third aspect, when the main body of the developing device is mounted on the image-forming machine, electrical connecters provided thereon are electrically coupled to each other.