Abstract: The invention provides, as an aspect thereof, a method for driving an electrophoresis display device that has a pair of substrates that sandwich an electrophoresis element that contains, without any limitation thereto, a plurality of electrophoresis particles and further has a displaying section that is made up of a plurality of pixels. The driving method of the electrophoresis display device according to an aspect of the invention includes: an image-erasing step in which an old image displayed on the displaying section of the electrophoresis display device is erased.

Abstract: An optical element to be arranged in an optical pickup apparatus for conducting information recording and/or reproducing and to converge laser light beams having a plurality of wavelengths including a wavelength of ?1 onto information recording media, includes one or more of optical element main bodies; and an antireflective film which is arranged on at least one surface on the optical element main bodies and on which an optical functional surface is formed, wherein, when the optical functional surface and a first laser beam having the wavelength ?1 makes an angle ?1 in the range of 0°??1?60°, the optical element satisfies |Rp1?Rs1|?2% where Rp1 and Rs1 are respectively P polarized light and S polarized light reflectivities of the first laser light on the optical functional surface.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of driving an electrophoretic device that includes an electrophoretic element having a first electrode, a second electrode, and an electrophoretic layer disposed between the first and second electrodes, and further includes a capacitor connected to the first electrode at one terminal. The method includes (a) applying a reference potential or a first potential higher than the reference potential to the first electrode of the electrophoretic element and the terminal of the capacitor and applying the reference potential to the second electrode of the electrophoretic element, and (b) applying a signal fluctuating between a second potential and a third potential to the second electrode subsequently to the step (a), the second potential being equal to or higher than the reference potential, the third potential being higher than the second potential and being equal to or lower than the first potential.

Abstract: An optical disk apparatus for use with the combination type optical disk medium comprises an optical head capable of accessing the first and second recording layers and reading recording marks, a demodulator for applying a demodulation process to a signal read out of the first or second recording layer, an address converter for deciding from an optical disk reproduction instruction a recording layer to be accessed and performing conversion to a physical address of the recording layer, a reproduction controller following the recording layer determination and the physical address to control the optical head and the demodulator so as to control access and reproduction to and from the optical disk medium, and an instruction generator for generating an instruction to reproduce the optical disk.

Abstract: Provided is a semiconductor device including first and second wiring layers, and dummy and conductive patterns. The first and second wiring layers each have a hollow structure, and are stacked vertically adjacent to each other on a semiconductor substrate. The dummy pattern is formed in the first wiring layer, and does not function as a signal line. The conductive pattern is formed in the second wiring layer. The dummy and conductive patterns have an overlapping portion where these patterns overlap each other, and a non-overlapping portion where these patterns overlap each other, as viewed from above the semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: An air flow sensor for an internal combustion engine is disclosed. An air flow rate measurement meter, a pressure gauge, electronically controlled throttle body, and the microcomputer, etc. are integrated as one body, and the correction of the air flow rate, the control, and the fault diagnosis, etc. are done in the integrated microcomputer. The air flow sensor outputs an air flow rate signal in which the error is deleted to suppress the discharge of the harmful exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine, carries out the self-diagnosis of the breakdown of the air flow sensor or the electronically controlled throttle body to prevent the accident beforehand, and controls to obtain the best intake air amount.

Abstract: The disk recording apparatus and method are arranged to specify a recording address and a recording position on an optical disk with a wobble PM (phase modulation) format through the use of a wobble reproduced signal and a track reproduced signal. The recording apparatus operates to detect address information and a synchronous signal on the optical disk that correspond with the wobble reproduced signal and the track reproduced signal sent from the optical disk respectively. Then, the address information required for specifying a disk recording track and the synchronizing timing required for specifying a linking position are selected from the detected states.

Abstract: An optical element to be arranged in an optical pickup apparatus for conducting information recording and/or reproducing and to converge light fluxes with a plurality of wavelengths including a wavelength of ?1 and a wavelength of ?2 onto information recording media, comprises one or more optical main bodies; and an antireflective film which is arranged on a surface of the optical element main bodies and on which at least one optical functional surface is formed, wherein a reflectivity of an incident light flux perpendicular to the optical functional surface has a local maximum value of 1% or more between the wavelength ?1 and the wavelength ?2.

Abstract: An image pickup system includes one or more optical elements, wherein an infrared cut coating in which a maximum value of reflectance at the wavelength ? of 800 to 1200 nm is 30% or more, is formed on at least two optical surfaces of the optical elements.

Abstract: Disclosed are a writing method and a disk recording apparatus for maintaining reproduction reliability relative to a rewritable disk recording medium of a zero link type. In one embodiment, a disk recording apparatus for a rewritable optical disk comprises a first timing detector having a first timing synchronized with a wobble reproduction signal of the rewritable optical disk, and a second timing detector having a second timing synchronized with a track reproduction signal of the rewritable optical disk. A phase difference detector is configured to detect a phase difference between the first timing and the second timing. A controller is configured to determine a recording area based on the detected phase difference. In another embodiment, a selector is configured to select a timing between the first timing and the second timing.

Abstract: The disk recording apparatus and method are arranged to specify a recording address and a recording position on an optical disk with a wobble PM (phase modulation) format through the use of a wobble reproduced signal and a track reproduced signal. The recording apparatus operates to detect address information and a synchronous signal on the optical disk that correspond with the wobble reproduced signal and the track reproduced signal sent from the optical disk respectively. Then, the address information required for specifying a disk recording track and the synchronizing timing required for specifying a linking position are selected from the detected states.

Abstract: The disk recording apparatus and method are arranged to specify a recording address and a recording position on an optical disk with a wobble PM (phase modulation) format through the use of a wobble reproduced signal and a track reproduced signal. The recording apparatus operates to detect address information and a synchronous signal on the optical disk that correspond with the wobble reproduced signal and the track reproduced signal sent from the optical disk respectively. Then, the address information required for specifying a disk recording track and the synchronizing timing required for specifying a linking position are selected from the detected states.

Abstract: To provide an electro-optical device and an electronic apparatus capable of maintaining the display quality by preventing brightness unevenness without widening a frame in a mounting terminal portion connection portions connecting to a fourth power source bus line are provided in two places. Driving current is supplied from the connection portions to the fourth power source bus line. The width of the fourth power source bus line is smaller than that of the width of a power source bus line supplying driving current from one place of the mounting terminal portion.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image carrier that has an image carrier surface moving in a direction; a supporting member that faces the image carrier; a plurality of light emitting elements which are provided on a surface of the supporting member facing the image carrier and emit light to form a latent image on the image carrier; a roller which is arranged on the surface of the supporting member facing the image carrier such that a rotational shaft thereof extends in a direction traversing an image carrier surface; and an urging unit which urge the supporting member against the image carrier so that the roller comes into contact with the image carrier.

Abstract: A rising mirror is constructed by forming on a glass substrate a first region and a second region having different reflection properties. The first region is formed of, for example, an antireflection film, and the second regions is formed by superimposing a phase adjustment layer for adjusting the phase of reflected light and a dielectric multilayer film in this order. Forming the phase adjustment layer on the glass substrate in this manner permits, for example, phase adjustment such as eliminates phase shift in reflected light between the regions, and phase adjustment such as cancels out phase shift caused by the objective lens of the optical disc, thereby permitting suppressing disturbance in the wave front of reflected light as whole.

Abstract: A surface treating method of forming a coating layer on a base material, comprising conducting a plasma processing under an atmospheric pressure for the base material so as to form a coating layer on the base material having at least one of a curved surface and an uneven surface.

Abstract: A laser scanning microscope capable of quickly and accurately setting control values of control items for a microscope apparatus is provided. The control items and a time line are displayed along a vertical axis and a horizontal axis, respectively. The laser scanning microscope includes a graphical user interface configured to set the control values of the control items along the time line and a control unit configured to acquire luminance information of a specimen by irradiating the specimen with a laser beam in accordance with the control values set by the graphical user interface.

Abstract: A semiconductor device which comprises a wiring structure capable of reducing stress concentration at a boundary between a wiring and a low dielectric constant insulator even when the low dielectric constant insulator is used as an interlevel or interwiring insulator in a multilevel wiring, suppressing peeling-off of the insulator and having increased heat radiation efficiency is provided by comprising an insulator formed on a semiconductor substrate, a wiring formed in the insulator, and a network dummy formed in the insulator and disposed to be apart from the wiring.

Abstract: An air flow sensor for an internal combustion engine is disclosed. An air flow rate measurement meter, a pressure gauge, electronically controlled throttle body, and the microcomputer, etc. are integrated as one body, and the correction of the air flow rate, the control, and the fault diagnosis, etc. are done in the integrated microcomputer. The air flow sensor outputs an air flow rate signal in which the error is deleted to suppress the discharge of the harmful exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine, carries out the self-diagnosis of the breakdown of the air flow sensor or the electronically controlled throttle body to prevent the accident beforehand, and controls to obtain the best intake air amount.

Abstract: A beam splitter, comprises: a light source light entering side prism to which a light from a light source enters; a reflected light entering side prism to which a reflected light from an information recording medium enters; a multi layer film provided between the light source light entering side prism and the reflected light entering side prism, wherein the multi layer film comprises a plurality of specific laminated sections each of which comprises a low refractive index layer, a medium refractive index layer, and a high refractive index layer in this order from the reflected light entering side.