Abstract: A low-cost and high productivity charging material is provided for use in the recharge or additional charge fabrication of single-crystal semiconductor by means of the CZ method. Common polysilicon rods utilized in recharge or additional charge fabrication have their end portions formed into ring grooves. A joint element is made of silicon. When the end portions of the rods contact, the joint element engages the grooves to connect the rods together along their longitudinal direction. The rods can have arbitrary length, whereas the total weight, including the joint element, must be adjusted by the length to be greater than those of the melted polysilicon and the suspending portions.

Abstract: The object of this invention is to provide a method and a device for manufacturing semiconductor single crystals by the CZ method in response to the increase in the weight of semiconductor single crystal produced. The necked portion formed beneath the reduced portion can be held and the single crystal under lifting can be re-melted.

Abstract: A misfire detecting device for an internal combustion engine having a double-ended or single-ended distributorless ignition system is provided. The device comprises a first capacitor connected to a secondary winding side of a spark plug and in parallel to the spark plug, the first capacitor being charged by a voltage produced at a secondary winding side of an ignition coil and thereafter applying a voltage to the spark plug when a voltage at the secondary winding side drops, a second capacitor connected in series with the first capacitor and having a capacitance larger than that of the first capacitor to divide a voltage across the first capacitor, and a misfire detecting unit connected to a junction between the first capacitor and the second capacitor to detect a misfire on the basis of a decay characteristic of a divided voltage produced at the second capacitor.

Abstract: A misfire detecting device for a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine is provided. The misfire detecting device comprises high voltage pulse producing means for producing, after spark discharge of a spark plug, a high voltage pulse which is not so high as to cause the spark plug to discharge, voltage applying means for applying the high voltage pulse to a conductive path connecting between the secondary winding of the ignition coil to the spark plug, by way of a reverse current preventing diode and a leakage preventing diode for preventing intrusion of the high voltage for ignition, voltage dividing means for dividing a voltage at the junction between the reverse current preventing diode and the leakage preventing diode to obtain a divided voltage thereat, and misfire detecting means for detecting a misfire on the basis of a decay characteristic of the divided voltage obtained after application of the high voltage pulse.

Abstract: A method of detecting a misfire of a gasoline internal combustion engine is provided. By this method, a high voltage pulse which is not so high as to cause spark discharge, is applied to a secondary winding side of an ignition coil by way of a diode during the time after completion of spark discharge and before generation of a high voltage for next ignition, a misfire at each cylinder is detected on the basis of a decay characteristic of a voltage at a cathode side of the diode, and a charge accumulated at the secondary winding side of the ignition coil is forcedly discharged before a next high voltage pulse is supplied to the secondary winding side. A device for carrying out the above method is also provided.

Abstract: A misfire detecting device for an internal combustion engine is provided.

Abstract: A method of detecting a misfire of an ignition system for an internal combustion engine is provided. By the method, after completion of spark discharge of a spark plug, a high tension pulse which is not so high as to cause spark discharge is applied to each spark plug by way of a reverse current preventing diode and a secondary winding of an ignition coil or by way of a reverse current preventing diode and a leakage preventing diode for preventing ingress of an ignition high voltage. Misfire at each cylinder is detected on the basis of a voltage attenuation characteristic at a passing side terminal of the reverse current preventing diode. A device for carrying out the above method is also provided.

Abstract: A misfire detecting device for a double-ended distributorless ignition system is provided. The device includes a pulse generating circuit for generating a positive polarity pulse which is not so high as to cause spark discharge during the time after completion of spark discharge and before beginning of application of an ignition high voltage for next spark discharge. A reverse current preventing diode is connected at an anode to an output end of the pulse generating circuit and at a cathode to a positive polarity side of a secondary winding of an ignition coil. A plug voltage dividing circuit for dividing a plug voltage is connected between a center electrode and an outer or ground electrode of each of spark plugs to obtain a divided voltage. A detecting circuit detects a misfire of the spark plugs on the basis of an attenuation characteristic of the divided voltage after application of the positive polarity pulse.

Abstract: A positive characteristic thermistor, in which the outer periphery of a first electrode including a metal other than silver as its main component is positioned on the inside of the outer periphery of the main body of this thermistor, and is made to coincide with the outer periphery of a second electrode which includes silver as its main component and formed on the first electrode or to be placed on the inside of the periphery of the second electrode.

Abstract: A thermochromic laminate member comprises a thin transparent iridescent film laminated on a thermochromic layer 2, and exhibits rainbow-color pattern. The thermochromic layer shows reversible change between a first colored state and a second colored state by a temperature change.

Abstract: A pressure sensor including a semiconductor strain gauge and resistors for compensating temperature, a zero point or the like and made of the same material as that of said semiconductor strain gauge are formed on a metal diaphragm thereof. The resistors for the compensating circuit and the strain gauge are simultaneously formed by patterning a polycrystalline silicone thin film or the like laminated on the diaphragm. As a result, the number of the elements and the manufacturing processes such as a soldering process are reduced for the purpose of improving manufacturing yield. In order to widen the zero point compensating range, a plurality of zero-point compensating resistors, if formed, are disposed on a circumference relative to the center of the diaphragm so as to reduced the scattering in the level of the resistance of each of the resistors.

Abstract: This invention provides a semiconductor film pressure sensor in which the pressure-sensitive resistance layers are made of an n-type polycrystalline silicon layer, and a method of manufacturing the sensor. In the semiconductor film pressure sensor of the invention, the pressure-sensitive resistance layers are formed on a diaphragm, and in addition a coarsely adjusting pattern and a finely adjusting pattern for zero point adjustment and the resistors of a temperature compensating circuit are formed on the diaphragm using the same n-type polycrystalline silicone layer. In formation of the n-type polycrystalline silicone layer, the substrate temperature is held at 500.degree. to 600.degree. C. The coarsely adjusting pattern and finely adjusting pattern for zero point adjustment, and the resistors of the temperature compensating circuit are formed in the same step as the pressure-sensitive resistance layers.

Abstract: An toy set having at least one section which bears a color memory dye of an electron-supplying organic coloring compound, an electron accepting compound and an ester. The color memory dye assumes a first color below t1 (.degree.C.) and a second color above t2 (.degree.C.), wherein t2>t1, 0.ltoreq.t1, t2.ltoreq.50.degree. C. and 5.ltoreq.t2-t1.ltoreq.35. Both the first and second colors can be displayed between t1 and t2. For the purpose of determining the proper temperature range for a color characteristic, temperature-sensitive visual indicators are provided.

Abstract: An artificial plant having at least one section which bears a color memory dye of an electron-supplying organic coloring compound, an electron accepting compound an an ester. The color memory dye assumes a first color below t1 (.degree. C.) and a second color above t2 (.degree. C.), wherein t2>t1, 0.ltoreq.t1, t2.ltoreq.50.degree. C. and 5.ltoreq.t2-t1.ltoreq.35. Both the first and second colors can be displayed between t1 and t2.

Abstract: An engine controller comprising a means for estimating an amount of the air flowing into the cylinder of the engine. The estimation means calculates the intake air amount mc(k+1) in the following equation determined from the physical model describing the law of conservation of mass for the intake air:mc(k+1)=.alpha..multidot.Q/.omega.+.beta..multidot.mc(k)where .alpha. and .beta. are constants, mc(k) is the last estimated value, Q is the flux of the detected air, and is the engine speed. The estimation is executed synchronously with the intake stroke so as to control the fuel injection amount synchronously with the intake stroke. To further improve the accuracy of the fuel injection even when the running condition of the engine changes after the estimation of the intake air amount, the fuel should be injected asynchronously with the intake stroke. We also disclose the engine controller that controls the amount of such an asynchronous injection.

Abstract: A new reversible heat sensitive recording composition for erasable recording is disclosed which is used as a recording or marking material that is capable of erasure at a specific temperature so that coloring or decoloring can be controlled to occur at desired temperature ranges. This range or the hysteresis value of the composition is determined by the .DELTA.T value of the contained ester compound. In addition, the compostion can provide a wide variety of hues and can readily be prepared. The marking or recording drawn in this composition can be maintained at room temperature or less.

Abstract: A new reversible temperature indicating composition for use in temperature indicating instruments is diclosed which is capable of accurate temperature indication in a variety of colors and characterized by a minimum range of hysteresis so that the marking drawn in this composition can decolor at or close the temperature at which its coloring takes place. In addition, the composition can provide a wide variety of hues and can be readily prepared. These and other advantages are provided by the inclusion as a main ingredient of an ester compound having .DELTA.T value, defined .DELTA.T=melting point--clouding point, in the range under 3.degree. C., the value that determines a desirably small range of hysteresis.

Abstract: A new reversible heat sensitive recording composition for erasable recording is disclosed which is used as a recording or marking material that is capable of erasure at a specific temperature so that coloring or decoloring can be controlled to occur at desired temperature ranges. This range or the hysteresis value of the composition is determined by the .DELTA.T value of the contained ester compound. In addition, the composition can provide a wide variety of hues and can readily be prepared. The marking or recording drawn in this composition can be maintained at room temperature or less.

Abstract: Anticoagulative high-molecular composition which comprises a cellulosic polyelectrolyte complex formed from a polycationic cellulose derivative such as a quaternary ammonium salt of hydroxyalkyl cellulose, and a polyanionic cellulose such as sodium cellulose glycolate, which is used in the field of medical instruments or devices.

Abstract: A textile material in the form of fiber, raw stock, yarn or fabric, which comprises fibers each of which is coated with a thermochromic layer containing a thermochromic pigment having a particle size satisfying the formula: ##EQU1## wherein r represents a particle size of a pigment; D represents fineness (denier) of a fiber; and d represents a density (g/cm.sup.3) of a fiber. The textile material can undergo reversible color change in a wide variety of colors and can be applied to any kind of textile products.