Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a two-sided light emission-type transparent organic electroluminescence element that has flexibility, has a small viewing angle dependence of chromaticity, and can easily adjust the light-emission balance of the two sides. The organic electroluminescence element of the present invention is characterized by being comprised by at least a transparent substrate, a first transparent electrode, an organic light-emitting layer, a second transparent electrode and a transparent sealing substrate, wherein both of the transparent substrate and the transparent sealing substrate have flexibility and are comprised by material(s) selected from an identical group of materials, and the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode are comprised by material(s) selected from an identical group of materials.

Abstract: A transparent electrode comprising a nitrogen-containing layer, and an electrode layer provided adjacent to the nitrogen-containing layer and having silver as a main component. The nitrogen-containing layer is configured using a compound containing nitrogen atoms, wherein the effective unshared electron pair content [n/M] is 2.0×10?3?[n/M], n being the number of unshared electron pairs that are not involved in aromaticity and that are not coordinated with the metal from among the unshared electron pairs of the nitrogen atoms, and M being the molecular weight.

Abstract: Provided are a transparent conductive film having a simple manufacturing process and high transparency, high photoelectric conversion efficiency, and excellent durability and an organic photoelectric conversion element using this transparent conductive film. The transparent conductive film of the present invention is formed by laminating a ground layer which contains a nitrogen-containing organic compound and a metal thin film layer which contains a metal element of Group 11 of the periodic table and has a thickness of from 2 to 10 nm.

Abstract: Provided is a transparent electrode having sufficient electrical conductivity and light transmissibility, as well as an electronic device and an organic electroluminescence element whose performance is improved by using such a transparent electrode. A transparent electrode (1) has an electrode layer (1b) composed of silver, wherein the film-thickness of the electrode layer (1b) is 12 nm or less at which sheet resistance is measurable, and wherein the circumferential length of apertures (a) obtained by processing a scanning electron microscope image of a surface region (S) with an area of 500 nm×500 nm of the electrode layer (1b) is, in sum total, 3000 nm or less.

Abstract: Provided is a transparent electrode having both sufficient conductivity and light transmittance, and also provided is an electronic device which improves performance by using said transparent electrode. Further provided is method of manufacturing said transparent electrode. This transparent electrode is provided with a nitrogen-containing layer and an electrode layer. The nitrogen-containing layer is formed at a deposition speed of 0.3 nm/s or greater, and is configured using a compound containing nitrogen atoms. Further, the electrode layer is provided adjacent to the nitrogen-containing layer, has a 12 nm or lower film thickness and a measurable sheet resistance, and is configured using silver or an alloy having silver as the main component.

Abstract: Provided is a transparent electrode including a nitrogen-containing layer and an electrode layer provided adjacent thereto. The nitrogen-containing layer includes a compound that contains a nitrogen atom or atoms and has an effective lone pair content n/M of 2.0×10?3 or more, wherein n represents the number of unshared electron pairs that neither contribute to aromaticity nor are coordinated to metal among the unshared electron pairs of the nitrogen atom or atoms, and M represents the molecular weight of the compound. The electrode layer includes silver as a main component and at least one additive element selected from aluminum, gold, indium, copper, palladium, and platinum.

Abstract: An object is providing an organic electroluminescence element and an illumination device in which a driving voltage does not increase even when a high-productivity sputtering method is used to form a transparent conductive layer of the organic electroluminescence element of a top or top-and-bottom emission type, and hence which has an improved driving voltage. The organic electroluminescence element includes at least a light emitting layer and a transparent conductive layer. Between the light emitting layer and the transparent conductive layer, a transparent protective layer is disposed. The light emitting layer contains a phosphorescence emitting compound. The transparent protective layer contains a metal oxide. The metal oxide is a molybdenum (VI) oxide, a rhenium (VI) oxide or a nickel (II) oxide in an oxygen deficient state.

Abstract: A transparent electrode is configured which is provided with: a nitrogen-containing layer; a conductive layer which is provided abutting the nitrogen-containing layer, and which has silver as a main component thereof; a high refractive index layer having a refractive index higher than that of the nitrogen-containing layer; and a low refractive index layer having a refractive index lower than that of the high refractive index layer. In the nitrogen-containing layer, a compound is used which includes nitrogen atoms, and which has, in cases when n represents the number of unshared electron pairs which are not involved in aromaticity and which are not coordinated to metal, from among the unshared electron pairs of the nitrogen atoms, and M represents molecular weight, an effective unshared-electron-pair content [n/M] that satisfies 2.0×10?3?[n/M].

Abstract: An organic EL device includes at least two light-emitting units and at least one intermediate electrode that are disposed between a lower electrode and an upper electrode, the at least one intermediate electrode being electrically connected to an external power source. The at least one intermediate electrode is disposed between the at least two light-emitting units. At least one of the at least one intermediate electrode consists of a first metal layer composed of a metal with a work function of 3 eV or lower and a second metal layer adjoining the first metal layer and composed of another metal with a work function of 4 eV or higher. The first and second metal layers have a total thickness of 15 nm or less. The first metal layer is adjacent to an anode side of the second metal layer, when a voltage is applied across the intermediate electrode and the electrode opposing the intermediate electrode.

Abstract: An object is providing an organic electroluminescence element and an illumination device in which a driving voltage does not increase even when a high-productivity sputtering method is used to form a transparent conductive layer of the organic electroluminescence element of a top or top-and-bottom emission type, and hence which has an improved driving voltage. The organic electroluminescence element includes at least a light emitting layer and a transparent conductive layer. Between the light emitting layer and the transparent conductive layer, a transparent protective layer is disposed. The light emitting layer contains a phosphorescence emitting compound. The transparent protective layer contains a metal oxide. The metal oxide is a molybdenum (VI) oxide, a rhenium (VI) oxide or a nickel (II) oxide in an oxygen deficient state.

Abstract: An object is providing an organic electroluminescence element and an illumination device in which a driving voltage does not increase even when a high-productivity sputtering method is used to form a transparent conductive layer of the organic electroluminescence element of a top or top-and-bottom emission type, and hence which has an improved driving voltage. The organic electroluminescence element includes at least a light emitting layer and a transparent conductive layer. Between the light emitting layer and the transparent conductive layer, a transparent protective layer is disposed. The light emitting layer contains a phosphorescence emitting compound. The transparent protective layer contains a metal oxide. The metal oxide is a molybdenum (VI) oxide, a rhenium (VI) oxide or a nickel (II) oxide in an oxygen deficient state.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a two-sided light emission-type transparent organic electroluminescence element that has flexibility, has a small viewing angle dependence of chromaticity, and can easily adjust the light-emission balance of the two sides. The organic electroluminescence element of the present invention is characterized by being comprised by at least a transparent substrate, a first transparent electrode, an organic light-emitting layer, a second transparent electrode and a transparent sealing substrate, wherein both of the transparent substrate and the transparent sealing substrate have flexibility and are comprised by material(s) selected from an identical group of materials, and the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode are comprised by material(s) selected from an identical group of materials.

Abstract: The electronic device manufacturing apparatus is provided with: a substrate holding member; a first supply source which is provided so as to move relative to the primary surface side of the substrate, and which forms a nitrogen-containing layer by supplying a nitrogen-containing compound towards the primary surface of the substrate; and a second supply source which is disposed downstream of the first supply source in the direction of movement relative to the substrate, which forms a transparent electrode layer by supplying towards the primary surface of the substrate an electrode material having silver as the main component thereof, and which is disposed such that, between starting formation and two minutes after finishing formation of the nitrogen-containing layer at a prescribed position on the substrate, formation of the transparent electrode layer is started at said prescribed position on the substrate.

Abstract: A transparent electrode is provided with a nitrogen-containing layer, an electrode layer having silver as the main component thereof, and an aluminum intermediate layer, wherein the aluminum intermediate layer is in contact with the nitrogen-containing layer and the electrode layer and sandwiched between the nitrogen-containing layer and the electrode layer. The nitrogen-containing layer is formed by using a compound containing a nitrogen atom. The effective unshared electron pair content [n/M] of this compound satisfies “3.9×10?3?[n/M]”, where n is the number of unshared electron pair(s) not involved in aromaticity and not coordinated to metal, among unshared electron pair(s) owned by the nitrogen atom, and M is molecular weight.

Abstract: A transparent electrode for a touch panel includes a nitrogen-containing layer formed using a compound containing nitrogen atoms, and an electrode layer mainly containing silver and provided stacked on the nitrogen-containing layer.

Abstract: An organic EL device includes at least two light-emitting units and at least one intermediate electrode that are disposed between a lower electrode and an upper electrode, the at least one intermediate electrode being electrically connected to an external power source. The at least one intermediate electrode is disposed between the at least two light-emitting units. At least one of the at least one intermediate electrode consists of a first metal layer composed of a metal with a work function of 3 eV or lower and a second metal layer adjoining the first metal layer and composed of another metal with a work function of 4 eV or higher. The first and second metal layers have a total thickness of 15 nm or less. The first metal layer is adjacent to an anode side of the second metal layer, when a voltage is applied across the intermediate electrode and the electrode opposing the intermediate electrode.

Abstract: A transparent electrode is configured which is provided with: a nitrogen-containing layer; a conductive layer which is provided abutting the nitrogen-containing layer, and which has silver as a main component thereof; a high refractive index layer having a refractive index higher than that of the nitrogen-containing layer; and a low refractive index layer having a refractive index lower than that of the high refractive index layer. In the nitrogen-containing layer, a compound is used which includes nitrogen atoms, and which has, in cases when n represents the number of unshared electron pairs which are not involved in aromaticity and which are not coordinated to metal, from among the unshared electron pairs of the nitrogen atoms, and M represents molecular weight, an effective unshared-electron-pair content [n/M] that satisfies 2.0×10?3?[n/M].

Abstract: Provided is a transparent electrode including a nitrogen-containing layer and an electrode layer provided adjacent thereto. The nitrogen-containing layer includes a compound that contains a nitrogen atom or atoms and has an effective lone pair content n/M of 2.0×10?3 or more, wherein n represents the number of unshared electron pairs that neither contribute to aromaticity nor are coordinated to metal among the unshared electron pairs of the nitrogen atom or atoms, and M represents the molecular weight of the compound. The electrode layer includes silver as a main component and at least one additive element selected from aluminum, gold, indium, copper, palladium, and platinum.

Abstract: Provided are an organic electroluminescence element, an illumination device, and a display device having lower driving voltage and excellent luminous efficiency. An organic electroluminescence element has a supporting substrate; and a cathode, a light emitting layer and an adjacent layer provided on the supporting substrate, wherein the adjacent layer is arranged adjacent to the outer side of the cathode (i.e., the side opposite to the light emitting layer), wherein the cathode is a transparent layer containing a metal and having a film thickness of 2 nm or more but less than 10 nm; and wherein the adjacent layer has a refractive index of between 1.6 and 1.95, a film thickness of between 15 nm and 180 nm, and contains no light scattering particle.

Abstract: Provided is a transparent electrode having both sufficient conductivity and sufficient optical transparency. The transparent electrode includes a nitrogen-containing layer including a compound that contains a nitrogen atom or atoms and has an effective lone pair content n/M of 2.0×10?3 or more, wherein n represents the number of unshared electron pairs that neither contribute to aromaticity nor are coordinated to metal among the unshared electron pairs of the nitrogen atom or atoms, and M represents the molecular weight of the compound; an electrode layer including silver as a main component; and a high surface energy material layer that includes a high surface energy material having a sublimation enthalpy higher than that of silver and is provided between and in contact with the nitrogen-containing layer and the electrode layer.