Abstract: A gas sensor comprising: a gas sensor element extending in an axial direction; a cylindrical metal shell enclosing said gas sensor element such that a leading end portion of said gas sensor element protrudes from its own leading end; and, a protector fixed on said metal shell and covering said leading end portion of said gas sensor element, wherein said protector includes: a cylindrical outer cover portion fixed on said metal shell and having gas introducing apertures; and a cylindrical inner cover portion arranged on an inner side of said outer cover portion and having elastic portions being capable of being elastically deformed by a pushing force acting in an axial direction, and said inner cover portion is so clamped between said metal shell and said outer cover portion that said elastic portions are elastically deformed by said axial pushing force.

Abstract: The oxygen sensor of the present invention has excellent durability capable of effectively preventing contamination with lead or the like for a detection electrode even in low temperature exhaust gases, and having stable response over a long period of time. The contamination preventive layer provided in the sensor device comprises composite powders having coarse powders covered therearound with fine powders, and hollows not filled with fine powders are scattered in gaps among the composite powders. Both the coarse and fine powders comprise ceramic powders. Further, it is particularly preferred that the ceramic powders are powders of a titania powder having a peak at 1 &mgr;m or less and a composite ceramic powder containing alumina such as spinel having a peak at 10 &mgr;m or more.

Abstract: The oxygen sensor of the present invention has excellent durability capable of effectively preventing contamination with lead or the like for a detection electrode even in low temperature exhaust gases, and having stable response over a long period of time. The contamination preventive layer provided in the sensor device comprises composite powders having coarse powders covered therearound with fine powders, and hollows not filled with fine powders are scattered in gaps among the composite powders. Both the coarse and fine powders comprise ceramic powders. Further, it is particularly preferred that the ceramic powders are powders of a titania powder having a peak at 1 &mgr;m or less and a composite ceramic powder containing alumina such as spinel having a peak at 10 &mgr;m or more.

Abstract: The present invention introduces a communication apparatus capable of automatically selecting communication interface in accordance with the order of priority set by the selected order setting information. The priority referring process reads the selection criterion set in the selection criterion register, and then reads one order setting script related to a communication destination when the selection criterion is set to “destination” and reads one order setting script related to a time zone containing a time shown by current time information from the timer when the selection criterion is set to “time zone”. The selection process checks whether or not a communication is possible every communication interface in accordance the order of priority set by the read order setting script, and selects a communication interface first judged as communication possible. The communication program executes a communication with the destination by using the selected communication interface.

Abstract: A battery is provided for supplying a power upon a removal from the equipment. When the removal from the equipment is detected by a connection detecting unit, an injustice judgment unit judges whether it is an unjust removal from the equipment or not. If it is judged that an unjust removal has taken place, a security processing unit performs an information protective action such as erasing of data of a storage unit, enciphering, saving into different areas, etc. In the event of incorporating no batteries, the protective action is effected by the supply of an external power through the reconnection.

Abstract: A battery is provided for supplying a power upon a removal from the equipment. When the removal from the equipment is detected by a connection detecting unit, an injustice judgment unit judges whether it is an unjust removal from the equipment or not. If it is judged that an unjust removal has taken place, a security processing unit performs an information protective action such as erasing of data of a storage unit, enciphering, saving into different areas, etc. In the event of incorporating no batteries, the protective action is effected by the supply of an external power through the reconnection.

Abstract: A gas sensor (1) comprises: a pair of porous electrode layers (2b and 2c); a detector element (2) between the porous electrode layers (2b and 2c), wherein the detecting element (2) comprises an oxygen ion conductive solid electrolyte comprising zirconium oxide as a major component, and one of the porous electrode layers is a detecting-side electrode (2b) to be exposed to a gas to be measured; and a ceramic protecting layer (2p) covering the surface of the detecting-side electrode (2b), wherein the ceramic protecting layer (2p) comprises a magnesia.alumina spinel component, an excess magnesium oxide component not involved in the magnesia.alumina spinel component, and a zirconium oxide component.

Abstract: The present invention introduces that E-mails are managed effectively without imposing a burden on a mail server. A memory is provided in a telephone, whereby an E-mail from the mail server can be down-loaded. When this telephone is accessed from plural terminal devices, the mail status is stored in order to be capable of recognizing that a E-mail is down-loaded to which terminal device. With this system, when E-mails are transmitted and received with plural terminal device, it is possible to manage E-mails integratedly by accessing not a mail server but a telephone.

Abstract: There is disclosed an oxygen sensor disposed before an exhaust gas purifying catalyst of an engine which uses a hydrocarbon containing fuel with a H/C ratio of three or more. An oxygen sensor 1 is provided with a solid electrolytic body 2 which can generate a difference in oxygen concentration with reference gas and measured gas, a reference electrode 3 and a detection electrode 4 formed on inner and outer surfaces of the solid electrolytic body 2, and a porous protective layer 5 for covering the detection electrode 4. The detection electrode 4 is formed only of a metal like Pt which promotes oxidizing reaction of methane to have a thickness of 1 to 2 &mgr;m. In the protective layer 5, only a second protective layer 5b carries Pt catalyst 6 which promotes oxidizing reaction of hydrogen, and the amount of carried catalyst is in the range of 0.5 to 7 mol % relative to the whole of the second protective layer 5b.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a method for the production of a dislocation-free silicon single crystal by the Czochralski method. This method attains growth of the main body part of the dislocation-free silicon single crystal by immersing a seed crystal in a melt of silicon and then pulling the seed crystal without recourse to the necking. The seed crystal thus used is a dislocation-free silicon single crystal. The horizontal maximum length of the part of the seed crystal being immersed in the melt at the time of completing the immersion of the seed crystal in the melt is not less than 5 mm. The immersing rate of the seed crystal in the melt is not more than 2.8 mm/min and the part of the seed crystal to be immersed in the melt is a crystal as grown.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the formation of an electrode for sensor element which comprises the formation of a platinum electrode on a solid electrolyte formed in a predetermined shape as a sensor element by electroless plating, wherein said electroless plating is effected in a platinum (II) complex solution as a plating solution on which a reducing agent for reducing said platinum (II) complex is acted.

Abstract: When the screen has a single display area, the document can be continuously and smoothly read by overwriting, upon input instruction, the following document from the beginning of an area by means of a display switchover unit. When the screen has two display areas, the document can be continuously and smoothly read by displaying, upon input instruction, the following document from the beginning of an area by means of a display switchover unit, alternately using the two areas.

Abstract: A data transfer system is provided for use in shifting and transferring image data and the like, wherein the amount of shift, the horizontal size and the like of data to be shifted are held in a dedicated circuit which is connected between a CPU and a memory. A judgment is made: by a valid/invalid indication unit, based on a valid/invalid parameter or the amount of deviation between the boundary unit and the transferred data after shifting, of the validity or invalidity of the head end or the trailing end of the data after shifting. A transfer suspension control unit eliminates the transfer of the data if the data is invalid after shifting, thereby enabling the increase of the speed of transfer of image data by avoiding the transfer of meaningless data.

Abstract: A pierce nut has a plurality of projections which are integrally formed with a cylindrical body of the pierce nut. When the pierce nut is pressed against a metal sheet laid on a back-up die, an opening is formed in the metal sheet only by shearing force between the pierce nut and the back-up die, with no other force being used to press-break the metal sheet, and the projections are deformed by an annular bank portion of the back-up die at different portions thereof each time the back-up die is used. Thus, the use of the present pierce nut in combination with the present back-up die remarkably extends the life of the back-up die.