Abstract: A position control method for controlling a position of an object on a machine tool such as a lathe having a plurality of axes. The control on one of the axes is conducted in accordance with a control input signal which is generated in response to a position command signal and a state variable for each axis so as to optimize an evaluation function J, wherein the control input signal U.sub.i is generated so as to optimize the evaluation function in such a manner as to reduce path error by taking into account not only the position command signal and the state variable concerning this axes but also the position command signal and the state variable concerning another axis.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling A continuously variable transmission for use in an automotive vehicle, such that an actual engine speed coincides with a desired engine speed, wherein the desired engine speed in a transient state of the vehicle with an accelerator pedal being operated is determined based at least on a rate at which the accelerator pedal is operated.

Abstract: In a four wheel drive vehicle, wherein either a state where differential action between front wheels and rear wheels is restricted or a permitted state can be selected, the differential rate is calculated during stable running conditions, and, when the differential rate is greater than or equal to a predetermined value, the restriction of differential action is prohibited. As a result, power circulation can be prevented when there is a difference in effective radius between the front wheels and rear wheels due to, e.g., use of a temper tire, mounting of chains on the tires, or the like.

Abstract: A position control system comprises a position command generator for generating a position command at a prescribed sampling time k for a time k+M which is at least one sampling cycle M ahead of the prescribed sampling time. A controlled object includes a speed control loop, and a control unit for generating a control input value determined by determining a weight coefficient of each of position commands at sampling times K+l (l=1, 2, . . . , M) and a weight coefficient for the position and speed which are outputs of the controlled object in order to minimize the value of an evaluation function so that the position command at the prescribed sampling time k and the position of the controlled object will be equalized, while the position commands produced by the position command generator at the sampling times k+l (l=1, 2, . . . , M), the position and speed of the controlled object, and a control input to be applied to the controlled object are being used as variables.

Abstract: A hydraulically actuated clutch is included in a four wheel drive device included in a vehicle power train, and is utilized for torque distribution between the front vehicle wheels and the rear vehicle wheels. A hydraulic control device for this torque distribution clutch includes a device for producing a control hydraulic fluid pressure for this clutch according to an oscillatory method such as a duty factor method or a dither method, an output conduit for conducting this control hydraulic fluid pressure out from this device for producing it, and a device for smoothing hydraulic pressure fluctuations in this output conduit.

Abstract: An N-substituted amide compound is produced with a high yield by initiating a reaction among a starting amide compound such as a saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acid amide, a halogen-substituted compound such as an alkyl halide and a strongly basic substance while maintaining the basic substance in a suspended state.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a water-insolubilized resin of a polymer of at least one monomer selected from N-alkyl- or N-alkylene-substituted acrylamides or methacrylamides represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 mean individually a hydrogen atom or methyl group and R.sub.3 denotes a methyl, ethyl or propyl group, with the proviso that R.sub.3 is an ethyl or propyl group when R.sub.2 stands for a hydrogen atom, and that R.sub.3 is a methyl or ethyl group when R.sub.2 stands for a methyl group, or wherein R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 form --CH.sub.2).sub.4 or --CH.sub.2).sub.2 O--CH.sub.2).sub.2 in combination; or a copolymer of at least one monomer selected from the acrylamides or methacrylamides and another copolymerizable monomer. The resin has water-absorbing capacity which varies in degree depending on temperature and, when heated, undergoes shrinkage even in the presence of a large excess of water to release once-absorbed water.

Abstract: In a four wheel drive vehicle having two front wheels and two rear wheels driven from an engine via a central differential gear and a front/rear coupling device for selectively locking up the differentiating operation of the central differential gear, a system for controlling the front/rear coupling device calculates an actual ratio between the effective rolling radius of the front wheels and the effective rolling radius of the rear wheels from the rotational speed of the front wheels and the rotational speed of the rear wheels detected by the rotational speed sensors when the vehicle is running along a substantially straight course at a speed within a predetermined relatively moderate speed range under an engine output power less than a predetermined relatively moderate rate with no braking while the front/rear coupling device is released.

Abstract: In a judgement circuit for an adaptive filter for use in a color television system, sample values of a composite video signal are obtained by sampling the composite video signal at a predetermined sampling frequency in synchronism with a horizontal scanning frequency in such a manner that the corresponding sample points are arranged in a grating on the screen. A horizontal filter receives the sample values corresponding to a first sample point and a second and a third sample points positioned at the left of and at the right of the first sample point. A vertical filter receives the sample values corresponding to the first sample point and a fourth and a fifth sample points positioned over and under the first sample point. The variation of the signal in the vertical direction and the variation of the signal in the vertical direction are detected, and are compared. One of the output of the horizontal filter and the output of the vertical filter is selected in accordance with the result of the comparison.

Abstract: A method wherein control of a desired engine speed occurs during a period when a throttle valve is opened at an upper limit position by an auto drive. Vo is defined as a desired vehicle speed, Vr as an actual vehicle speed, A1 as a positive constant and A2 as another positive constant smaller than A1. When Vo-Vr.gtoreq.A1, the desired engine speed is increased. When Vo-Vr<A2, the desired engine speed is decreased or maintained.

Abstract: In a continuously variable transmission (CVT), the desired engine speed is defined as a function of the throttle position. The speed ratio of the CVT is controlled such that the actual engine speed reaches the desired engine speed. The desired engine speed is set to B (Nos-Nos') upon the abrupt change in the throttle position, where B is a positive value less than 1, Nos is a desired steady-state engine speed after the change and Nos' is a desired steady-state engine speed before the change. Thereafter the desired engine speed approaches gradually the desired steady-state engine speed corresponding to the present throttle position. In the present invention the values of B in acceleration and deceleration of a vehicle are defined different from each other.

Abstract: A hydraulic control apparatus for controlling a hydraulically-operated power transmitting system for an automotive vehicle, the transmitting system having a continuously variable transmission and an auxiliary transmission coupled to an output side of the continuously variable transmission. The controlling apparatus comprises a first pressure generator for generating a first line pressure used to operate the continuously variable transmission, and a second pressure generator for generating a second line pressure used to operate a frictional coupling assembly incorporated in the auxiliary transmission.

Abstract: A hydraulic control apparatus for controlling a hydraulically hydraulically-operated power transmitting system for an automotive vehicle, the transmitting system having a continuously variable transmission and an auxiliary transmission coupled to an output side of the continuously variable transmission. The controlling apparatus comprises a first pressure generator for generating a first line pressure used to operate the continuously variable transmission, and a second pressure generator for generating a second line pressure used to operate a frictional coupling assembly incorporated in the auxiliary transmission.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a high molecular composite material, which comprises as one component thereof a water insolubilized homopolymer of at least one monomer selected from specific N-alkyl- or N-alkylene-substituted (meth)acrylamides, a second copolymer of said at least one monomer with one or more monomers other than the (meth)acrylamides and copolymerizable therewith, or a water-insolubilized product of the homopolymer or either first or second copolymer. The water-insoluble product can form, with a low or high molecular compound containing one or more active hydrogen or hydrophobic groups, a composite material which may be applied widely for absorbing and desorbing a variety of valuable synthetic compounds and natural matter.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel process for preparing amidoalkanesulfonic acids of the general formula ##STR1## or derivatives thereof by reacting a nitrile compound (1) with a .beta.-hydroxyalkanesulfonic acid or a derivative thereof (2) in concentrated sulfuric acid.Among the compounds of the general formula (3) and derivatives thereof, unsaturated amido- and phenyl-substituted alkanesulfonic acids and derivatives thereof (in particular, 2-acrylamido-2-phenylpropanesulfonic acid and derivatives thereof) represented by the general formula ##STR2## can be copolymerized with other monomers and the like to provide useful materials such as copolymer-coated solid materials, copolymer emulsions, pigment dispersants and the like.

Abstract: A dazzle-free reflection mirror, which may be used as an inner mirror or an outer mirror of a vehicle, has an electro-optical element of which transparency is changed by applying an electric field thereto in order to effectuate a dazzle-free operation. The dazzle-free reflection mirror comprises a dazzle-free portion to effectuate the dazzle-free operation at a lower part of the mirror surface and a non-dazzle-free portion not to effectuate the dazzle-free operation at the rest part of the mirror surface. The dazzle-free portion shields light from following-vehicle headlights at night so that the driver feels no glaring. The non-dazzle-free portion clearly images a rear view so that the driver can see an appearance of the following vehicle.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a urine absorbing and holding material, which comprises a homopolymer of at least one monomer selected from specific N-alkyl- or N-alkylene-substituted acrylamides and methacrylamides, a copolymer of two or more of the acrylamides and methacrylamides, a copolymer of said at least one monomer with one or more monomers other the the acrylamides and methacrylamides and copolymerizable therewith, and being a water-insolubilized product. By combining the urine absorbing and holding material in the form of powder, granules, flakes, fibers or a film with a fibrous material in the form of a woven fabric, non-woven fabric or a flocculent material, a useful urea absorbing and holding composite material is obtained in the form of a pad, diaper or drawers.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel process for preparing amidoalkanesulfonic acids of the general formula ##STR1## or derivatives thereof by reacting a nitrile compound (1) with a .beta.-hydroxyalkanesulfonic acid or a derivative thereof (2) in concentrated sulfuric acid.Among the compounds of the general formula (3) and derivatives thereof, unsaturated amido- and phenyl-substituted alkanesulfonic acids and derivatives thereof (in particular, 2-acrylamido-2-phenylpropane-sulfonic acid and derivatives thereof) represented by the general formula ##STR2## can be copolymerized with other monomers and the like to provide useful materials such as copolymer-coated solid materials, copolymer emulsions, pigment dispersants and the like.

Abstract: A diagnostic apparatus for a continuously variable transmission the speed ratio and/or the rate of variation in the speed ratio of which are controlled by a shift-regulating device controlled by command signals from a control system.

Abstract: A control apparatus for controlling the glare shield of a reflecting mirror of a vehicle, wherein the reflecting mirror is provided with on the upper half and lower half portions respectively first and second electro-optic elements whose transmittance of light being variable, and when a first photo detecting circuit determines that incident light on the reflecting mirror detected by an incident light detector is the direct sunlight, a first control circuit applies a voltage to the first electro-optic element to cause the upper half portion of the reflecting mirror to become a glare shield condition, and when a second photo detecting circuit determines that the incident light detected by an incident light detector is light of a headlight of a following vehicle, a second control circuit applies the voltage to the second electro-optic element to cause the lower half portion of the reflecting mirror to become the glare shield condition.