Abstract: To provide a photo detection device and a manufacturing method thereof, the photo detection device comprising a SPAD in which a substrate-manufacturing cost is kept sufficiently low compared to InGaAs, afterpulsing is less and DCR is also reduced. A photo detection device detecting an incident light from an object, comprising: (i) a P-type silicon (Si) substrate; (ii) a P-type germanium (Ge) layer formed by epitaxial growth on a first surface serving as a front surface of the P-type silicon (Si) substrate; and (iii) a P-type thin film silicon (Si) layer formed on the P-type germanium (Ge) layer, (iv) wherein the P-type thin film silicon (Si) layer is divided into a first region and a second region by a Shallow Trench Isolation (STI), multiple single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) arranged in an array are formed in the first region, and a CMOS transistor circuit driving the SPADs is formed in the second region.

Abstract: A safety switch that has a lock function using an electromagnet and a member to be magnetized is downsized. The safety switch includes: a detection unit that detects that a movable actuator is within a predetermined range; a safety signal output unit that outputs a safety signal based on a detection result obtained by the detection unit; an electromagnet; a lock input unit that receives a lock instruction for locking movement of the actuator; a drive control unit that drives the electromagnet based on the lock instruction received via the lock input unit; and an attachment portion which is formed on the electromagnet and fixes a switch body to an installation place of the switch body.

Abstract: A worker is prevented from being hindered. A safety switch includes a switch body including an electromagnet and an actuator attracted to the electromagnet. The switch body includes a drive control unit and a safety control unit which control the safety switch, and the drive control unit and the safety control unit are surrounded by a housing. The housing is arranged on a back surface side of the electromagnet of the switch body, and the housing forms an accommodating portion that accommodates the drive control unit and the safety control unit.

Abstract: To improve toughness of a non-contact type safety door switch. A safety switch includes a metallic casing integrated as a first part of an enclosure, having an opening in a front side, a cover integrated as a front part of the enclosure, covering the opening, the cover having a surface as a front surface of the enclosure, a wireless means, a determination means, an output means, circuit substrates provided inside the metallic casing and the cover, on which the wireless means, the determination means and the output means are mounted, and attachment holes on a side surface of the metallic casing, the side surface being adjacent to the front surface of the enclosure for attaching the casing.

Abstract: To improve toughness of a non-contact type safety door switch. A safety switch includes a metallic casing integrated as a first part of an enclosure, having an opening in a front side, a cover integrated as a front part of the enclosure, covering the opening, the cover having a surface as a front surface of the enclosure, a wireless means, a determination means, an output means, circuit substrates provided inside the metallic casing and the cover, on which the wireless means, the determination means and the output means are mounted, and attachment holes on a side surface of the metallic casing, the side surface being adjacent to the front surface of the enclosure for attaching the casing.

Abstract: To improve toughness of a non-contact type safety door switch. A safety switch includes a metallic casing integrated as a first part of an enclosure, having an opening in a front side, a cover integrated as a front part of the enclosure, covering the opening, the cover having a surface as a front surface of the enclosure, a wireless means, a determination means, an output means, circuit substrates provided inside the metallic casing and the cover, on which the wireless means, the determination means and the output means are mounted, and attachment holes on a side surface of the metallic casing, the side surface being adjacent to the front surface of the enclosure for attaching the casing.

Abstract: To improve toughness of a non-contact type safety door switch. A safety switch includes a metallic casing integrated as a first part of an enclosure, having an opening in a front side, a cover integrated as a front part of the enclosure, covering the opening, the cover having a surface as a front surface of the enclosure, a wireless means, a determination means, an output means, circuit substrates provided inside the metallic casing and the cover, on which the wireless means, the determination means and the output means are mounted, and attachment holes on a side surface of the metallic casing, the side surface being adjacent to the front surface of the enclosure for attaching the casing.

Abstract: To position first and second sensor units easily at adequate positions simply by an operation for fixing a fitting to given piping. A first fitting for a first sensor unit and a second fitting for a second sensor unit are provided. The first and second fittings include a pair of arm portions configured to regulate relative position between the first sensor unit and the second sensor unit in a circumferential direction of the piping, and a guide portion formed at least on the arm portions, and configured to guide relative positioning between the first fitting and the second fitting in an axial direction of the piping according to a diameter of the piping.

Abstract: To position first and second sensor units easily at adequate positions simply by an operation for fixing a fitting to given piping. A first fitting for a first sensor unit and a second fitting for a second sensor unit are provided. The first and second fittings include a pair of arm portions configured to regulate relative position between the first sensor unit and the second sensor unit in a circumferential direction of the piping, and a guide portion formed at least on the arm portions, and configured to guide relative positioning between the first fitting and the second fitting in an axial direction of the piping according to a diameter of the piping.

Abstract: Provided is an ultrasonic flow switch which can be stably mounted on pipes. A casing part which integrally or independently holds the ultrasonic wave elements is mounted on an outer surface of the pipe by a clamp part. An acoustic couplant which is formed of a soft elastic body is pressed to an outer surface of the pipe such that at least one of the first and second ultrasonic wave elements is acoustically coupled to the pipe. A collapsing amount of the acoustic couplant at a portion where the collapsing amount of the acoustic couplant caused by the pipe is the largest is restricted by a collapsing amount restricting part.

Abstract: Provided is an ultrasonic flow switch which can be stably mounted on pipes. A casing part which integrally or independently holds the ultrasonic wave elements is mounted on an outer surface of the pipe by a clamp part. An acoustic couplant which is formed of a soft elastic body is pressed to an outer surface of the pipe such that at least one of the first and second ultrasonic wave elements is acoustically coupled to the pipe. A collapsing amount of the acoustic couplant at a portion where the collapsing amount of the acoustic couplant caused by the pipe is the largest is restricted by a collapsing amount restricting part.

Abstract: To provide a pipe member composed of a small-diameter metal pipe and a large-diameter metal pipe integrated via a double pipe structure part. A diameter expanding punch 12 is press-fitted into a small-diameter pipe 3 through a large-diameter pipe 2, thereby integrally expanding the diameter of the small-diameter pipe 3 and the large-diameter pipe 2. As the diameter of the small-diameter pipe 3 is expanded, the longitudinal dimension of an expanded part 3b is shortened, and the tip end of the expanded part 3b of the small-diameter pipe 3 is spaced apart from a step part 2c of the large-diameter pipe 2. In this state, the large-diameter pipe 2 and the small-diameter pipe 3 are displaced with respect to each other in the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a fuel inlet having a good sealing property and a screw structure formed in a precise position involves expanding one end of a long-length stainless pipe (metal pipe) using a cored bar, the tip of the expanded portion which becomes non-uniform as a result of the expanding step is cut off, a screw structure is formed in the expanded portion by using a punch, the tip of the expanded portion which becomes non-uniform as a result of the screw structure forming step is cut off, and thereafter curl forming is conducted to the end of the expanded portion which becomes uniform by using a die so as to provide a seal portion.

Abstract: A metal pipe 11 of a smaller diameter engages a metal pipe 13 of a larger diameter to provide a double-pipe structure in a predetermined area in the longitudinal direction, wherein the diameter of the two pipes 11 and 13 of the double-pipe structure section is integrally expanded using a pipe expansion technique. By making a predetermined section of the pipe member a double-pipe structure, it is possible to provide the strength and rigidity necessary for each section. It is also possible to join the two pipes by expanding the diameter of each pipe at the double-pipe structure section. By forming a section where high strength is not required by a pipe of a smaller diameter, it is possible to lighten the pipe member. Materials for the pipes 11 and 13 are carbon steels for machine structural use. If aluminum is used for the metal pipe 11 of a smaller diameter, it is possible to further lighten the pipe member.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a fuel inlet having a good sealing property and a screw structure formed in a precise position involves expanding one end of a long-length stainless pipe (metal pipe) using a cored bar, the tip of the expanded portion which becomes non-uniform as a result of the expanding step is cut off, a screw structure is formed in the expanded portion by using a punch, the tip of the expanded portion which becomes non-uniform as a result of the screw structure forming step is cut off, and thereafter curl forming is conducted to the end of the expanded portion which becomes uniform by using a die so as to provide a seal portion.

Abstract: In manufacturing a fuel inlet, bulge forming and bend processing are conducted to a stainless pipe which will serve as an inlet pipe. Next, one end of the stainless pipe is eccentrically expanded, and the hardened portion is removed. After the pipe expanding step is finished, boring processing is conducted so that a breather pipe can be inserted into the inlet pipe, a guide is spot-welded to the inside of the eccentrically expanded portion, and a screw structure is formed. The inlet pipe and the breather pipe are degreased and cleaned as a pretreatment for brazing, and brazing is conducted by using BAg-4 (Low-temperature brazing material) at a temperature of 750-850° C. Removing of the flux and cleaning are conducted as a post-treatment for brazing, and finally coating is conducted.

Abstract: In order to manufacture a fuel inlet, bulge forming and bend processing are conducted to a stainless pipe which will serve as an inlet pipe. Next, one end of the stainless pipe is eccentrically expanded, and the hardened portion is removed. After the pipe expanding step is finished, boring processing is conducted so that a breather pipe can be inserted into the inlet pipe, a guide is spot-welded to the inside of the eccentrically expanded portion, and a screw structure is formed. The inlet pipe and the breather pipe are degreased and cleaned as a pretreatment for brazing, and brazing is conducted by using BAg-4 (Low-temperature brazing material) at a temperature of 750-850° C. Removing of the flux and cleaning are conducted as a post-treatment for brazing, and finally coating is conducted.

Abstract: A metal pipe 11 of a smaller diameter engages a metal pipe 13 of a larger diameter to provide a double-pipe structure in a predetermined area in the longitudinal direction, wherein the diameter of the two pipes 11 and 13 of the double-pipe structure section is integrally expanded using a pipe expansion technique. By making a predetermined section of the pipe member a double-pipe structure, it is possible to provide the strength and rigidity necessary for each section. It is also possible to join the two pipes by expanding the diameter of each pipe at the double-pipe structure section. By forming a section where high strength is not required by a pipe of a smaller diameter, it is possible to lighten the pipe member. Materials for the pipes 11 and 13 are carbon steels for machine structural use. If aluminum is used for the metal pipe 11 of a smaller diameter, it is possible to further lighten the pipe member.

Abstract: A sofa-bed is comfortable to use in a bed mode and its backrest can be put away in the position so as not to be an obstacle. A movable backrest of the sofa-bed 10 is divided into two movable half backrests 20,22 or a right movable half backrest and a left one, and the sofa-bed can be changed between the bed mode and the sofa mode by positioning movable half backrests 20.22 individually in first positions substantially above a head board 16 and a foot board 18 or in second positions appropriately parallel to an center line extending in longitudinal direction of the sofa bed.