Abstract: A steel material superior in high temperature characteristics and toughness is provided, that is, a steel material containing, by mass %, C: 0.005% to 0.03%, Si: 0.05% to 0.40%, Mn: 0.40% to 1.70%, Nb: 0.02% to 0.25%, Ti: 0.005% to 0.025%, N: 0.0008% to 0.0045%, B: 0.0003% to 0.0030%, restricting P: 0.030% or less, S: 0.020% or less, Al: 0.03% or less, and having a balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities, where the contents of C and Nb satisfy C—Nb/7.74?0.02 and Ti-based oxides of a grain size of 0.05 to 10 ?m are present in a density of 30 to 300/mm2.

Abstract: Provided are a novel compound, an organic EL element which contains such novel compound and has a high external extraction quantum efficiency and a long service life, an illuminating apparatus and a display apparatus.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a mounting portion to and from which a process cartridge including a photosensitive member and a developing roller is attachable and detachable, a separation mechanism that takes a first position to separate the developing roller from the photosensitive member and a second position to bring the developing roller into contact with the photosensitive member, an allowance mechanism that allows the process cartridge with the developing roller kept in contact with the photosensitive member to be mounted on the mounting portion when the separation mechanism is in the first position, an exposure device, and a control unit, wherein, when the developing roller and the photosensitive member are in contact with each other when the separation mechanism is in the first position, the control unit performs an exposure operation while keeping the separation mechanism in the first position during an initial operation of the image forming apparatus.

Abstract: The organic electroluminescent element prevents degradation of phosphorescent luminescent organic metal complexes in a light emitting layer, has a long life, and has superior color stability during continuously drive. The organic electroluminescent element has a blue light emitting layer with a phosphorescent light emitting organometallic complex (A) with a local maximum phosphorescent light emission wavelength on the short wave side of 480 nm or less, a phosphorescent light emitting organometallic complex (B), and a host compound. The content of complex (A) is greater than the content of the complex (B). The complex (A) and the host are such that a single layer made from complex (A) and the host compound, the value for the ratio ((D)/(C)) of the percent of remaining luminescence (C) which UV irradiation with a wavelength of 365 nm and the percent of remaining luminescence (D) with UV irradiation by a HgXe light source is 0.75-0.95.

Abstract: Provided is an organic electroluminescent element comprising a substrate having thereon an anode, a cathode, and a plurality of organic layers sandwiched between the anode and the cathode, wherein the plurality of organic layers comprise: a light emitting layer containing a phosphorescence emitting compound; and an electron transport layer containing a compound represented by Formula (1), (Ar1)n1?Y1??Formula (1) wherein n1 is an integer of 1 or more; Y1 is a substituent when n1 is 1, and Y1 is a single bond or a linking group of n1 valences when n1 is two or more; Ar1 is a group represented by Formula (A), a plurality of Ar1 may be the same or different with each other when n1 is two or more; and the compound represented by Formula (1) contains at least two condensed aromatic heterocyclic rings each comprising 3 or more rings condensed with each other:

Abstract: Disclosed is an organic electroluminescent device having high external quantum efficiency and long life. Also disclosed are an illuminating device and a display device. The organic electroluminescent device is characterized by containing at least one compound having a partial structure represented by the following general formula (1). [chemical formula 1] (l) In the formula, R1 represents a group (preferably an aromatic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic heterocyclic group, an alkyl group or an alkoxy group) having 4-20 carbon atoms in total and a substituent having a formula weight or 70-350 (preferably an alkyl group or an alkoxy group): R2R4 independently represent a substituent; n2 represents a number of 0-4; n3 represents a number of 0-2; n4 represents a number of 0-8; and Q represents an atomic group necessary for forming an aromatic hydrocarbon ring or an aromatic heterocyclic ring.

Abstract: Included is an image bearing member; an exposure unit configured to form electrostatic latent images by scanning light on the image bearing member and to change the amount of light along the scanning direction of the light; a forming unit configured to form a toner patch on the basis of the electrostatic latent image formed by a plurality of different light amounts, to adjust the light amount of the exposure unit; a detection unit configured to detect the toner patch; and a control unit configured to adjust the light amount of the exposure unit along the scanning direction of the light depending on the detection result by the detection unit. The control unit changes the light amount of the exposure unit along the scanning direction of the light over a portion of regions rather than all regions in the scanning direction when forming the toner patch.

Abstract: Disclosed is an organic electroluminescent element having high luminous efficiency and long life. Also disclosed are a display device and an illuminating device respectively using such an organic electroluminescent element. Specifically disclosed is an organic electroluminescent element comprising an electrode and at least one or more organic layers on a substrate. This organic electroluminescent element is characterized in that at least one of the organic layers is a light-emitting layer containing a phosphorescent compound and a host compound, the phosphorescent compound has a HOMO of ?5.15 to ?3.50 eV and a LUMO of from ?1.25 to +1.00 eV, and the host compound has a 0-0 band of the phosphorescence spectrum at not more than 460 nm and a glass transition temperature of not less than 60° C.

Abstract: A spectrocolorimeter comprises: a calculation unit configured to calculate wavelengths of dispersing light rays respectively received by a plurality of pixels included in a light detection unit using a correspondence relationship between pixels and wavelengths of a plurality of extremal value points in a profile of dispersing light rays detected by the light detection unit upon execution of colorimetry of a reference object to be measured, wherein when the calculation unit calculates the wavelengths of the dispersing light rays respectively received by the plurality of pixels, the calculation unit adjusts a colorimetry condition for respective extremal value points so that signals to be output from pixels corresponding to the plurality of extremal value points have output levels which are not less than a reference and are not saturated.

Abstract: A silanol-group-containing-polysiloxane solution containing a silanol-group-containing polysiloxane is treated with a cation exchange resin in the presence of an alcohol solvent.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member configured to bear an image with a toner, a transfer unit configured to transfer the image from the image bearing member onto a recording material, a conveying unit configured to convey the recording material having the image on a first side thereof to transfer the image onto a second side of the recording material, and a control unit configured to control an operation for forming a test image in an interval region between a first image, formed on the image bearing member, and a second image formed subsequently to the first image on the image bearing member. The control unit is configured to permit formation of the test image in the image interval region when the second image is an image to be transferred onto a first side of the recording material and configured to prevent formation of the test image in the image interval region when the second image is an image to be transferred onto a second side of the recording material.

Abstract: In the present invention, provided is an organic electroluminescent element material having a high externally taking-out quantum efficiency, which is suitable for manufacturing an element exhibiting long light emission lifetime, and also provided is an organic electroluminescent element possessing the material, a method of manufacturing the organic electroluminescent element, and a display as well as an illuminating device fitted with the organic electroluminescent element.

Abstract: A method to produce a multi-branched structure compound encapsulating an iridium phosphorescent compound including the following sequential steps: (i) dissolving a multi-branched structure compound and an iridium phosphorescent compound in a first solvent; (ii) adding a second solvent to encapsulate the iridium phosphorescent compound into the multi-branched structure compound; and (iii) separating and purifying the multi-branched structure compound encapsulating the iridium phosphorescent compound.

Abstract: Disclosed is an organic electroluminescent device having high external quantum efficiency and long emission life. Also disclosed are an illuminating device and a display, each comprising such an organic electroluminescent device. The organic electroluminescent device is characterized by comprising at least an anode and a cathode on a supporting substrate, while having at least one light-emitting layer between the anode and the cathode. The organic electroluminescent device is also characterized by containing a polymer which at least partially contains a compound A having a partial structure represented by the general formula (a) below and a reactive group, and is obtained by polymerizing the compound A through the reactive group. (In the formula, Ar1 and Ar2 respectively represent an aromatic ring.

Abstract: Provided is an organic electroluminescent element comprising a substrate having thereon an anode, a cathode, and a plurality of organic layers sandwiched between the anode and the cathode, wherein the plurality of organic layers comprise: a light emitting layer containing a phosphorescence emitting compound; and an electron transport layer containing a compound represented by Formula (1), (Ar1)n1-Y1??Formula (1) wherein n1 is an integer of 1 or more; Y1 is a substituent when n1 is 1, and Y1 is a single bond or a linking group of n1 valences when n1 is two or more; Ar1 is a group represented by Formula (A), a plurality of Ar1 may be the same or different with each other when n1 is two or more; and the compound represented by Formula (1) contains at least two condensed aromatic heterocyclic rings each comprising 3 or more rings condensed with each other.

Abstract: Disclosed is an organic electroluminescent (EL) device having high emission luminance and high emission efficiency. Particularly disclosed are a blue-light emitting organic EL device, which is high in emission luminance, color purity, emission efficiency and durability, a display and an illuminating device each employing the organic EL device. The organic El device is characterized in that it comprises a light emission layer containing two or more kinds of host compounds and at least one dopant, wherein at least one of the two or more kinds of host compounds has an excited triplet energy of not less than 2.7 eV, and the dopant is a phosphorescent compound.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent element comprising a metal complex represented by Formula (1), wherein Z is a hydrocarbon ring or a heterocyclic ring, provided that each of the hydrocarbon ring and the heterocyclic ring has a substituent having a steric parameter (Es) of ?0.5 or less at the third atom of the ring counted from a nitrogen atom attached to Z, the nitrogen atom being counted as the first atom, X, Y, A, B, X1-L1-X2, M1, m1 and m2 are described in the specification.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent device having high luminance and long-term stability under high temperature, high humidity conditions. This organic electroluminescent device is suppressed in voltage increase and generation of dark spots when driven at a constant current. Additionally, a display and an illuminating device can be made using the organic electroluminescent device. The organic electroluminescent device is characterized in that at least one of organic layers constituting the device is a light-emitting layer containing a host compound and a phosphorescent compound of the general formula: and the at least one organic layer has a film surface density of 1.10-1.25 g/cm3.

Abstract: Disclosed is a long-life organic electroluminescent element which can be driven at low voltage. Also disclosed are a display and illuminator using the same. Specifically disclosed is an organic electroluminescent element comprising on a substrate, an anode, a cathode and an organic compound layer arranged between the anode and the cathode and including at least one light emission layer. This organic electroluminescent element is characterized in that the organic compound layer includes an electron transport material-containing layer which contains an electron transport material represented by Formula (a) and at least one substance selected from the group consisting of metals, salts of the metals and electron-donating compounds. Formula (a) Ar1-(Ar2)n [In the formula, Ar1 represents a group derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon ring or a group derived from an aromatic heterocycle; Ar2 represents a group derived from an aromatic heterocycle; and n represents an integer of 2 or more.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus uses the difference in time taken for each patch to reach a color sensor, which occurs upon reversing the conveyance direction of a printing material. Due to this difference in time, the temperature of the printing material in detection by the color sensor differs among the respective patches. The error of a colorimetric value due to thermochromism is reduced by placing a patch with a colorimetric value which has a low temperature dependence so as to be detected earlier, and a patch with a colorimetric value which has a high temperature dependence so as to be detected later.