Abstract: The invention provides a chemical-mechanical polishing composition comprising: (a) an abrasive particle; (b) an ionic oxidizer; and (c) water, wherein the chemical-mechanical polishing composition has a pH of about 1 to about 7, the abrasive particle has an isoelectric point that is higher than 8, and the ionic oxidizer has a negative charge at the pH of the chemical-mechanical polishing composition. The invention also provides a method of chemically-mechanically polishing a substrate, especially a substrate comprising a silicon carbide layer on a surface of the substrate, using said composition.

Abstract: Provided as toners for developing electrostatically charged images capable of preventing a sticking and curling phenomenon even with an increase in number of printed sheets and processes for producing the same, with the use of a cyclic polyolefinic resin, are a toner for developing electrostatically charged images contains a cyclic polyolefinic resin and a polar resin wherein 10 to 50 parts by weight of the polar resin is present in relation to 100 parts by weight of the cyclic polyolefinic resin, and a process for producing a toner for developing electrostatically charged images comprises a step of melt-kneading at least a cyclic polyolefinic resin and a coloring agent to obtain a kneaded product, a step of grinding the kneaded product to obtain colored particles, and a step of melt-kneading, grinding and classifying the colored particles and a polar resin to obtain the toner.

Abstract: A device for measuring electrostatic charge amount of toner is provided. The device comprises a hollow toner suction port for sucking the toner from a toner substrate and a means for measuring electrostatic charge amount of the sucked toner. The toner suction port forms a hermetically sealed space with the toner substrate.