Abstract: A negative electrode for a lithium battery includes a carbon material capable of occluding and discharging lithium and an additive material having a higher potential to discharge lithium than the carbon material, wherein the additive material is contained in a range of 0.01-9.0 weight % based on the weight of the carbon material, an average particle diameter of the carbon material is in a range of 0.01-50 &mgr;m, and an average particle diameter of the additive material is in a range of 0.01-50 &mgr;m. A lithium battery of the invention includes the negative battery.

Abstract: An information processing system and a multi-level hierarchical storage device for use in the information processing system having a plurality of instruction processors and a plurality of main storage devices. The multi-level hierarchical storage device includes a first-cache storage device of a write-through type provided for each instruction processor, a second-cache storage device of a write-back type provided for each main storage device, and a third-cache storage device of a write-through type provided between the first-cache storage device and the second-cache storage device.

Abstract: An object is to provide a semiconductor device having high reliability and capable of high speed operation. The semiconductor device includes a silicon substrate, a silicon nitrided oxide film formed on the silicon substrate, and a gate electrode formed on the silicon nitrided oxide film. Nitrogen is distributed only in the vicinity of an interface between the silicon substrate and the silicon nitrided oxide film. In the vicinity of the interface, every nitrogen atom is bonded to two silicon atoms and one oxygen atom.

Abstract: A surface mounting semiconductor device or a mounting component includes a metallic carbonate coating on a mounting surface which may be a plated layer of a metal easy to solder on which an outer lead or the like is to be mounted so that the oxidation of the mounting surface of the outer leads during storage is reliability prevented. Upon mounting the semiconductor device to the circuit board with solder, the heat added causes the metallic carbonate coating to decompose, to evolve CO.sub.3, and leave active metal, significantly improving solder wettability, so that a reliable solder joint is obtained. Since CO.sub.3 is evolved in the gaseous state, it does not stay on the metal surface, eliminating the need for cleaning after the treatment. Because solder wettability is significantly improved, molten solder cannot flow from the side of the soldered joint to bridge outer leads and terminals.

Abstract: An auxiliary data processor having an built-in multi-entry data memory is directly connected to a main storage, and executes, directly accessing the main storage, commands sent from a plurality of instruction processors. One data memory entry is assigned to an instruction processor that issued a command, and reserves data fetched from the main storage in response to the command so that the next command can use part of that data. A tag circuit holds an identifier of each instruction processor to which a data memory entry has been assigned and the address and length of data hold in that entry, and see that each command uses the reserved data correctly. Each instruction processor selects commands to be sent to the auxiliary data processor depending upon the conditions of operands. A large amount of data is processed at a high rate, minimizing cache pollution.

Abstract: Method for detecting and examining a slightly irregular surface state is provided which includes the steps of: illuminating a surface of a sample with light beam for detecting the slightly irregular surface state; observing a variation of the light beam occurring due to the slightly irregular surface state to specify the location of the slightly irregular surface state in an x-y plane of the sample; making the location of a probe needle of a scanning probe microscope and the location of the slightly irregular surface state on the sample coincide with each other; and measuring a three-dimensional image of the slightly irregular surface state by means of the scanning probe microscope. The scanning probe microscope for use in the aforementioned method and a method for fabricating a semiconductor device or a liquid crystal display device which utilizes the aforementioned method are also provided.

Abstract: Provided is a nonaqueous battery having an active material of a positive electrode formed from a composite powder consisting of Li.sub.1-x Mn.sub.2 O.sub.4 (0.ltoreq.X.ltoreq.1) and Li.sub.2 MnO.sub.3. Because the active material has the form of a composite, this battery allows little of the manganese to dissolve out during charge and hence has excellent charge-discharge characteristics.

Abstract: A plurality of electric data signals representing parallel data bits are applied to a plurality of gates or control terminals on-off controlling optical switches, respectively. A single pulsed synchronizing signal is distributed to input terminals of the plurality of gates or the optical switches. Synchronizing signals, which have passed through gates or optical switches, which are in an ON state, among the plurality of gates or the optical switches are coupled to synchronize finally an optical signal. In this way a serial optical pulsed output signal can be obtained by utilizing optical delay in a process for distributing the synchronizing signals or a process for coupling the synchronizing signals.

Abstract: A non-aqueous battery has a positive electrode having a composition essentially represented by a formula LixNiOy (0<x<1.3 and 1.8<y<2.2), a negative electrode having a material which occludes and releases lithium reversibly and a non-aqueous electrolyte. The composition has a ratio of I.sub.104 to I.sub.003 ranging from 0.35 to 0.68 when measured by an X-ray powder diffraction method using CuK.sub..mu. as a target. The I.sub.104 represents a peak intensity of reflection of X-rays at an angle about 2.theta.=44 degrees with respect to the lattice plane (104), and the I.sub.003 representing another peak intensity of reflection of X-rays at an angle about 2.theta.=19 degrees with respect to the lattice plane (003).

Abstract: A connector is provided for connecting optic fibers to electrical circuit modules. The connector includes a plurality of fiber supporting means arrayed on a first surface of the connector base in a first direction. Supporting one end of a plurality of fiber sheets each comprised of a plurality of fibers bundled into a sheet form in such a manner that the sheet surface of each fiber sheet is substantially vertical to the first surface and the first direction. A plurality of opto-electrical circuits are connected to one sheet of the plurality of fiber sheets and each comprised of an electrooptical converter or an opto-electrical converter. A plurality of contact electrodes are also provided on a second surface, opposite to the first surface, of the connector base and connected to the plurality of optoelectrical circuits.

Abstract: A polycarbonate having a principal chain comprising a repeating unit represented by the formula: ##STR1## (a) a substituted phenoxy group represented by the formula (II) ##STR2## (wherein A is as defined in the appended specification) and (b) p-tert-butyl phenoxy group represented by the formula (III) ##STR3## and/or the phenoxy group represented by the formula (IV) ##STR4## bonded to the terminals thereof in the ratio of (a) 10 to 99 mole percent of the said substituted phenoxy group, and (b) 90 to 1 mole percent of p-tert-butylphenoxy group and/or phenoxy group. This polycarbonate has so high a fluidity and an impact resistance that it is moldable into thin or complex shapes.

Abstract: A polycarbonate having a principal chain comprising a repeating unit represented by the formula: ##STR1## (a) a substituted phenoxy group represented by the formula (II) ##STR2## (wherein A is as defined in the appended specification) and (b) p-tert-butyl phenoxy group represented by the formula (III) ##STR3## and/or the phenoxy group represented by the formula (IV) ##STR4## bonded to the terminals thereof in the ratio of (a) 10 to 99 mole percent of the said substituted phenoxy group, and (b) 90 to 1 mole percent of p-tert-butylphenoxy group and/or phenoxy group. This polycarbonate has so high a fluidity and an impact resistance that it is moldable into thin or complex shapes.

Abstract: Disclosed is apparatus for treating polymers containing volatile matters and removing the volatile matters from the polymers, which comprises a polymer discharge device provided with heating means and adapted to discharge a polymer charged therein in the form of a strand or film and so forth, which device is mounted inside a decompression vessel or on a wall of the vessel.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing a vinyl aromatic resin composition containing a rubber in a disposed state which comprises from 60 to 90% by weight of a copolymer of a vinyl aromatic monomer with an unsaturated dicarboxylic anhydride in which the content of the vinyl aromatic monomer as a monomer unit is from 70 to 98 mol % and the content of the unsaturated dicarboxylic anhydride as a monomer unit is from 2 to 30 mol %, from 10 to 35% by weight of a graft copolymer and from 0 to 9% by weight of a diene based rubber, by copolymerizing the vinyl aromatic monomer with the unsaturated dicarboxylic anhydride in the presence of the diene based rubber, wherein said method comprises.

Abstract: In a transmission interruption signal detection system of a facsimile system transmitting image information from transmission apparatus to reception apparatus and producing a transmission interruption signal of a predetermined frequency and sending the same continuously for a predetermined period of time from the reception apparatus to the transmission apparatus when the reception apparatus is hung up, a hybrid transformer apparatus is provided, and transmission of the image information and reception of the transmission interruption signal are performed through the hybrid transformer apparatus, and signals having the predetermined frequency are extracted from signals obtained during transmission of the image information through the hybrid transformer apparatus and when the generation of the extracted signals continues for the predetermined period of time or longer, the transmission interruption detection signal is produced.

Abstract: A lens motor drive in an automatic focusing camera, in which current corresponding to a degree of focalization of an optical system is supplied to a lens motor in which there is provided a signal forming circuit performing a focalization signal representing the focalization of the optical system, and a focalization deviation signal having a level corresponding to a degree of focalization of the optical system. In addition, there is provided a limiting circuit for providing an output when the level of said focalization signal decreases to an extent that the lens motor cannot continue rotation, and a timing circuit for providing an output when the limiting circuit provides the output for a predetermined period of time. A start pulse generating circuit is also provided for generating a start pulse having a duration long enough to start the lens motor when the output of the timing circuit is provided under the condition that there is an absence of the focalization signal.