Abstract: The present invention relates to a two-part gunning refractory composition wherein fine powders of a refractory aggregate and superfine refractory powders are previously made into the form of a slurry containing therein a deflocculant, thereby reducing the amount of aluminous cement and also reducing the amount of water to achieve a deposit applied by gunning having a quality comparable to one produced by casting.

Abstract: An apparatus for automatic measuring thermal dimensional change from the room temperature to 2,000.degree. C., comprising, (a) means for supporting a specimen of the material to be tested and heating said specimen, (b) means for measuring the dimensional change of the specimen during heating said specimen, said measuring means having photo diode linear array and the telescopic lens for forming an image of the heated specimen, (c) means for illuminating the specimen from the opposite side of the photo diode linear array, said means having electric lamp and condensor lens, the radiation characteristic curve of said lamp being different from that of heated specimen, (d) means for separating the light forming image from the light radiated from said heated specimen, said means having light filter and neutral density filter between said specimen and said optical lens, (e) means for processing and calculating the video signal from the photo diode linear array indicating the results of measurements.

Abstract: A low cement refractory gun mix is disclosed. The gun mix comprises a coarse refractory portion having a particle diameter of at least 74 microns and a fine powder portion having a particle diameter of at most 74 microns. The gun mix is prepared by forming the fine powder portion into a slurry and deflocculating it prior to mixing it with the coarse refractory portion rather than deflocculating it when it is introduced into a spray gun. The gun mix has an extremely low cement and water content. Accordingly, a sprayed deposit of high packing density can be obtained which is equal in quality with deposits produced by vibration molding or casting. The gun mix is appropriate for use in forming the entire work lining of containers for molten metal.

Abstract: The invention concerns a casting vessel having a basic lining, and usage thereof. For putting in practice the casting vessel employing basic refractories as a lining material and in order to avoid such phenomena as exfoliation or others caused by thermal stress generated in the inside of the lining, a backing between the lining and an outer shell is partially or entirely composed of cushion material having thickness within specific range, thereby to absorb said stress and save a life of the lining, and further temperature within the casting vessel is kept above determined temperature before it holds molten metal, thereby to make more efficient use of the life of the basic lining.

Abstract: The invention concerns a casting vessel having a basic lining, and usage thereof. For putting in practice the casting vessel employing basic refractories as a lining material and in order to avoid such phenomena as exfoliation or others caused by thermal stress generated in the inside of the lining, a backing between the lining and an outer shell is partially or entirely composed of cushion material having thickness within specific range, thereby to absorb said stress and save a life of the lining, and further temperature within the casting vessel is kept above determined temperature before it holds molten metal, thereby to make more efficient use of the life of the basic lining.