Abstract: A flow modifier for a thermoplastic resin, which is a hydroxyphenyl-containing organophosphorus compound represented by formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 each represents a hydroxyl group, ##STR2## a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; a, b, c, and d each represents an integer of from 1 to 3; n represents 0 or an integer of from 1 to 3; when n is 0 or 1, the compound contains one hydroxyl group or ##STR3## group per molecule; and when n is 2 or 3, the compound contains one or two, in total, of hydroxyl group and ##STR4## group per molecule and thermoplastic resin composition containing the flow modifier is disclosed.

Abstract: A process for hydroformylation of an olefin, which comprises reacting an olefin with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a rhodium catalyst having a trivalent organic phosphorus compound as a ligand, wherein the hydroformylation reaction is conducted by two stage reactor systems i.e., a first stage reactor system comprising a reactor or reactors having a mixing characteristic of the liquid phase being substantially of complete mixing type, and a second stage reactor system being a reaction system of a catalyst solution circulating type and comprising a reactor or reactors having a mixing characteristic of piston flow type wherein when the mixing characteristic of the liquid phase is represented by a diffusion model, a non-dimensional number U (hereafter referred to as a "flow mixing parameter") defined by the formula (I):U.tbd.uL/2E (I)wherein u is an average flow velocity (cm/sec), L is the length (cm) of the reaction layer, and E is an average diffusion coefficient (cm.sup.

Abstract: A process for the hydroformylation of an olefin, which comprises hydroformylating an olefinic compound by reacting it with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in a hydroformylation reaction zone in the presence of a catalyst solution containing rhodium and an oxide of an organic trivalent phosphorus compound to form an aldehyde having a carbon number larger by one than that of the olefinic compound; adding an organic trivalent phosphorus compound to the reaction mixture, followed by distillation to separate a distillate containing the aldehyde from a high-boiling residue containing rhodium; oxidizing the high-boiling residue at the same time as or subsequent to the distillation to convert the organic trivalent phosphorus compound to its oxide; and recycling the oxidized residue to the hydroformylation reaction zone as a recycling catalyst solution, wherein the hydroformylation reaction is conducted under a condition such that the proportion of an alcohol content supplied as contained in the recycling catalyst soluti

Abstract: A process of manufacturing killed steel ingots of superior quality by forming the sound hot top portion and reducing the concentration of nonmetallic inclusion in the mushy zone of ingot bottom, characterized by arranging on the molten steel surface immediately after the pouring of the molten steel into a mold, a board-like molded heat-retaining material in which lining of a layer consisting of easily-flammable material is made to an exothermic, diabatic layer consisting of crushed flat charcoal, a refractory material expansible by heating and a binder.

Abstract: Alkyl 4,4'-(ethylenedioxy)bis-benzoates having improved properties such as anti-oxidation and anti-coloration are prepared in high yield and selectivity by, at the first step, reacting an excess alkyl p-hydroxybenzoate with a recycling alkyl p-(2-chloro-ethoxy)benzoate with heating in the presence of an alkali carbonate and an inert organic solvent until almost said alkyl p-(2-chloroethoxy)benzoate is consumed to produce an alkyl 4,4'-(ethylenedioxy)bis-benzoate and at the second step adding ethylene dichloride to the reaction system and continuing the heating to produce an alkyl p-(2-chloroethoxy)benzoate which is recycled, and separating the alkyl 4,4'-(ethylenedioxy)bis-benzoate produced.