Abstract: A reception device includes a ball lens, a first light receiver including a first annular body surrounding a periphery of the ball lens, and light receiving units including first light receiving elements disposed on an inner peripheral side surface of the first annular body, and a second light receiver including a second annular body surrounding an outer periphery of the first annular body and second light receiving elements disposed on an outer peripheral side surface of the second annular body. The first light receiving elements are disposed on the inner peripheral side surface of the first annular body with the light receiving part facing the ball lens. The second light receiving elements are disposed on the outer peripheral side surface of the second annular body with the light receiving part facing in a direction opposite to the ball lens.

Abstract: A communication apparatus including a transmitter that transmits modulated light modulated by a modulation part of a spatial light modulator as a first spatial light signal, a receiver that receives a second spatial light signal transmitted from a communication target, a detector that detects a physical quantity related to oscillation of the own apparatus, and a communication control unit that acquires the physical quantity detected by the detector and information on oscillation of the communication target included in the second spatial light signal, analyzes a state of the oscillation of the communication target using the information on the oscillation of the communication target and the physical quantity, and sets a transmission condition of the first spatial light signal in the transmitter according to the analyzed state of the oscillation of the communication target.

Abstract: To provide a cell-filled device that is suitable for use in, for example, an implantable or circulation type hybrid artificial organ. In a cell-filled device including hollow fiber membranes whose hollow portions are filled with cells, the hollow fiber membranes have modified cross sections, and a cell aggregate provided in each of the hollow portions has cells formed into two or more layers in arbitrary directions, provided that the distance from an arbitrary point of the cell aggregate to the nearest inner wall of hollow fiber membrane is less than 75 ?m. This cell-filled device enables effective use of cells without the necrosis thereof. Further, according to the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing the cell-filled device.

Abstract: To provide a cell-filled device that is suitable for use in, for example, an implantable or circulation type hybrid artificial organ. In a cell-filled device including hollow fiber membranes whose hollow portions are filled with cells, the hollow fiber membranes have modified cross sections, and a cell aggregate provided in each of the hollow portions has cells formed into two or more layers in arbitrary directions, provided that the distance from an arbitrary point of the cell aggregate to the nearest inner wall of hollow fiber membrane is less than 75 ?m. This cell-filled device enables effective use of cells without the necrosis thereof. Further, according to the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing the cell-filled device.

Abstract: The present invention provides a module for cell culture comprising a structure comprising hollow fibers and at least two spacers, wherein the spacers have small pores regularly arranged therein and the hollow fibers pass through the small pores and are arranged regularly at a very small distance, a hybrid artificial liver module wherein hepatocytes are immobilized in this module, and a method of cell culture wherein cells are immobilized in the lumen or extra-fiber space of the module of this module by the use of a centrifugal force and wherein the immobilized cells are cultured. The present invention also provides a method for cell culture wherein hepatocytes are cultured in a culture medium containing DMEM as a basal medium.