Abstract: A process cartridge includes an electrostatic latent image bearer, a charging roller, and a brush roller. The charging roller charges the electrostatic latent image bearer and includes a conductive support and a resin layer covering the conductive support and defining an outermost surface layer of the charging roller The brush roller cleans the charging roller and includes fiber bristles. The charging roller and the brush roller satisfy the following relational expressions 1 and 2: 100 < X < 600 Expression ? 1 0.2 < Y < 0.6 Expression ? 2 where X is a product of a fineness (deniers) and a density (kF/inch2) in the fiber bristles, and Y is a value obtained by dividing a biting amount (mm) of the brush roller with respect to the charging roller by an average of fiber lengths (mm) of the fiber bristles.

Abstract: A light-emitting device of the present invention includes a plurality of substrates, an insulating portion, and an insulating upper surface coating film. The plurality of metal substrates are placed side by side to be separated from one another. The insulating portion is made of ceramic and fills the clearance. The insulating upper surface coating film is formed so as to integrally cover respective one substrate surfaces of the plurality of substrates and has an opening portion that spreads over the one substrate surface of one substrate among the plurality of substrates and the one substrate surface of another substrate adjacent to the one substrate across the clearance. The opening portion exposes an element placing region for placing an element.

Abstract: A cleaning device includes a cleaner to contact a surface of a rotator to clean the surface of the rotator. The cleaner is a roller that includes a foam layer to contact the surface of the rotator. A coefficient of static friction of a surface of the foam layer measured by an Euler belt method is 0.5 or more.

Abstract: A flow passage adapter of the present disclosure is a flow passage adapter configured to be attached to an inflow port of a flow rate measuring unit to introduce a measurement target fluid into the flow rate measuring unit. The flow passage adapter includes a flow passage which is disposed in a body of the flow passage adapter and through which the measurement target fluid is to flow and a plurality of ribs disposed in the flow passage such that the measurement target fluid introduced into the flow passage collides with the plurality of ribs, and the flow passage adapter being configured to be attached to the flow rate measuring unit such that the flow passage adapter covers the inflow port of the flow rate measuring unit.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a latent image bearer, an intermediate transferor, a primary transferor, a second transferor, and a cleaning blade. The latent image bearer has a surface onto which a lubricant comprising zinc stearate is supplied. The intermediate transferor has a surface onto which the toner image is transferred, the surface including an adhering region to which the lubricant from the latent image bearer adheres. The cleaning blade cleans the surface of the intermediate transferor including the adhering region, after the toner image is secondarily transferred. In a region outside at least a horizontal A4 sheet passing width on the intermediate transferor, a ratio of a peak area derived from zinc stearate to a peak area derived from the intermediate transferor in a difference spectrum between attenuated total reflection (ATR) infrared absorption spectrums of the intermediate transferor in an unused state and after use is 0.892 or less.

Abstract: A process cartridge includes an electrostatic latent image bearer, a charging roller, and a brush roller. The charging roller charges the electrostatic latent image bearer and includes a conductive support and a resin layer covering the conductive support and defining an outermost surface layer of the charging roller The brush roller cleans the charging roller and includes fiber bristles. The charging roller and the brush roller satisfy the following relational expressions 1 and 2: 100 < X < 600 Expression ? 1 0.2 < Y < 0.6 Expression ? 2 where X is a product of a fineness (deniers) and a density (kF/inch2) in the fiber bristles, and Y is a value obtained by dividing a biting amount (mm) of the brush roller with respect to the charging roller by an average of fiber lengths (mm) of the fiber bristles.

Abstract: A printing apparatus includes: an apparatus body held by a user and provided with a printing unit configured to perform printing in a case of being moved in a first direction; a first guide unit configured to guide the movement in the first direction; a second guide unit rotatably held with respect to a structure fixed to the apparatus body and configured to guide movement in a second direction intersecting with the first direction; and a drive unit configured to be connected with the second guide unit and to rotate the second guide unit so that the structure moves to the second direction relative to the second guide unit by driving of the drive unit.

Abstract: Provided is a printing apparatus including: a guide unit configured to guide movement, in a first direction, of the printing apparatus held and moved by a user; a printing unit configured to print an image onto a print medium with the movement in the first direction; a second guide unit configured to guide movement of the printing apparatus in a second direction crossing the first direction; a detection unit configured to detect a relative moving amount between the printing apparatus and the print medium; and a control unit configured to cause a notification unit to make a predetermined notification according to a first distance in the first direction between the printing unit and the detection unit and a position at which an operation of printing a single line by the printing unit is completed.

Abstract: Provided is a manually scanned printing apparatus capable of suppressing deterioration in image quality. To provide this, a support portion of a guide roller and a support portion of a downstream position detection sensor are configured to be displaceable relative to each other in a direction substantially orthogonal to the printing surface of a print medium to be printed.

Abstract: Provided is a manually moved printing apparatus capable of suppressing deterioration in printing quality even if the printing apparatus is lifted or tilted. To provide this, a Y-direction sensor support shaft formed integrally with a downstream position detection sensor case and having a rotation axis in the direction of arrows is rotatably supported by a downstream sensor case support arm.

Abstract: Provided is a printing apparatus including: a holding unit configured to be held by a user to move the printing apparatus; a printing unit configured to print an image onto a print medium according to a movement of the printing apparatus; a guide unit configured to guide the movement of the printing apparatus; a first detection unit configured to detect a relative moving amount between the printing apparatus and the print medium; a second detection unit provided at a position different from a position of the first detection unit; and a displacement unit configured to displace the first detection unit from a state where the first detection unit and the second detection unit are both in contact with the print medium into a state where the first detection unit is separated from the print medium.

Abstract: An ultrasonic flowmeter includes a measurement flow path and a pair of ultrasonic sensors arranged upstream and downstream on a first surface of the measurement flow path. In addition, the ultrasonic flowmeter includes a flow rate calculator that detects a flow rate of a fluid to be measured based on a propagation time until ultrasonic signals transmitted from one of the ultrasonic sensors propagate with one or more reflections on a second surface of the measurement flow path facing the first surface, and are received by the other one of the ultrasonic sensors. Furthermore, the measurement flow path has an inner wall surface provided with a draft of a mold for integral molding, and the ultrasonic sensors are fixed to the measurement flow path, incident angles of ultrasonic signals transmitted from the ultrasonic sensors on reflection surface of the second surface where the ultrasonic signals are reflected being equal.

Abstract: The inkjet printing apparatus includes: a printing unit to eject ink; a wiping unit capable of wiping an ejection opening surface by moving relative to the ejection opening surface with an opening, adapted to be in contact with the ejection opening surface, put in contact with the ejection opening surface; a suction unit connected to the wiping unit and configured to apply negative pressure to the ejection opening surface via the opening; a moving unit to move the wiping unit relative to the ejection opening surface; and a control unit to perform suction wiping operation by wiping the ejection opening surface with the wiping unit while applying negative pressure to the ejection opening surface. The control unit determines the timing to perform the suction wiping operation, and, according to the timing, determines a moving speed of the moving unit and a pressure value caused by the suction unit.

Abstract: An ultrasonic flowmeter includes flow path that has a rectangular cross section and through which a fluid to be measured flows, and partition plate that divides flow path into measurement flow path and non-measurement flow paths. In addition, the ultrasonic flowmeter includes a pair of ultrasonic sensors that are arranged upstream and downstream of a surface forming flow path and transmitting and receiving ultrasonic signals, and a flow rate calculator that detects a flow rate of the fluid to be measured based on a propagation time. The ultrasonic flowmeter includes openings that connect measurement flow path, non-measurement flow paths, and a space where the ultrasonic sensors is located, and the ultrasonic sensors mainly propagate ultrasonic waves only to measurement flow path through openings.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a latent image bearer, an intermediate transferor, a primary transferor, a second transferor, and a cleaning blade. The latent image bearer has a surface onto which a lubricant comprising zinc stearate is supplied. The intermediate transferor has a surface onto which the toner image is transferred, the surface including an adhering region to which the lubricant from the latent image bearer adheres. The cleaning blade cleans the surface of the intermediate transferor including the adhering region, after the toner image is secondarily transferred. In a region outside at least a horizontal A4 sheet passing width on the intermediate transferor, a ratio of a peak area derived from zinc stearate to a peak area derived from the intermediate transferor in a difference spectrum between attenuated total reflection (ATR) infrared absorption spectrums of the intermediate transferor in an unused state and after use is 0.892 or less.

Abstract: An ultrasonic flow meter includes measurement flow path where a cross section of a flow path through which a fluid to be measured flows is rectangular, one or more partition plates that divide measurement flow path into a plurality of layered flow paths, and a pair of ultrasonic sensors that are disposed upstream and downstream on the layered flow paths and are capable of transmitting and receiving an ultrasonic signal. In addition, the ultrasonic flow meter includes a flow rate measuring unit that detects a flow rate of the fluid to be measured based on a propagation time, the propagation time being a time period from when one of the ultrasonic sensors transmits the ultrasonic signal to cause the ultrasonic signal to propagate through the fluid to be measured until when an other one of the ultrasonic sensors receives the ultrasonic signal.

Abstract: A liquid discharge apparatus includes a head having a discharge part configured to discharge a liquid, and a shield member that is movable between a first position at which the shield member shields the discharge part and a second position at which the shield member exposes the discharge part in accordance with a temperature of the head.

Abstract: A printing apparatus includes: an apparatus body held by a user and provided with a printing unit configured to perform printing in a case of being moved in a first direction; a first guide unit configured to guide the movement in the first direction; a second guide unit rotatably held with respect to a structure fixed to the apparatus body and configured to guide movement in a second direction intersecting with the first direction; and a drive unit configured to be connected with the second guide unit and to rotate the second guide unit so that the structure moves to the second direction relative to the second guide unit by driving of the drive unit.

Abstract: Provided is a printing apparatus including: a holding unit configured to be held by a user to move the printing apparatus; a printing unit configured to print an image onto a print medium according to a movement of the printing apparatus; a guide unit configured to guide the movement of the printing apparatus; a first detection unit configured to detect a relative moving amount between the printing apparatus and the print medium; a second detection unit provided at a position different from a position of the first detection unit; and a displacement unit configured to displace the first detection unit from a state where the first detection unit and the second detection unit are both in contact with the print medium into a state where the first detection unit is separated from the print medium.

Abstract: Provided is a manually moved printing apparatus capable of suppressing deterioration in printing quality even if the printing apparatus is lifted or tilted. To provide this, a Y-direction sensor support shaft formed integrally with a downstream position detection sensor case and having a rotation axis in the direction of arrows is rotatably supported by a downstream sensor case support arm.