Abstract: An apparatus for phototaking the image of an eye to be examined has an image pickup element for picking up the image of the eye to be examined, a first signal converting system for converting an image signal from the image pickup element into a signal for animated picture display, a second signal converting system for converting the image signal from the image pickup element into a digital image signal, and an image pickup element drive system for executing the drive systems of the image pickup element corresponding to the first and second signal converting systems.

Abstract: A pickup apparatus for a magneto-optical recording medium comprises a waveguide for receiving a light beam reflected by a magneto-optical recording medium, and first and second focusing grating couplers disposed side by side on the waveguide for introducing the reflected light beam into the waveguide in a TE or TM guided mode and converging the thus guided optical waves at two positions spaced from each other. First and second photodetectors are mounted on the waveguide for detecting the optical waves converged by the first and second focusing grating couplers. Tracking error and focusing error are detected based on the outputs of the first and second photodetectors, and recorded signals are detected based on the output of the first photodetector and/or the output of the second photodetector. In another embodiment, three focusing grating couplers are disposed on two waveguides.

Abstract: An organic secondary battery comprising an anode including an anode-active material, a cathode including a cathode-active material and an electrolytic medium, in which at least the cathode-active material consists essentially of a benzene polymer, and a method of producing the benzene polymer by electrolytic polymerization with anodic oxidation of a benzene or benzene derivative monomer in an electrolytic solution.

Abstract: An organic secondary battery comprising an anode including an anode-active material, a cathode including a cathode-active material and an electrolytic medium, in which at least the cathode-active material consists essentially of a benzene polymer, and a method of producing the benzene polymer by electrolytic polymerization with anodic oxidation of a benzene or benzene derivative monomer in an electrolytic solution.

Abstract: An optical pickup apparatus comprises an optical waveguide disposed to receive a light beam reflected by an optical recording medium, first and second focusing grating couplers disposed side by side on the optical waveguide for coupling the reflected light beam into the optical waveguide and converging the optical wave guided through the optical waveguide to positions spaced from each other, and first and second photodetectors secured to the optical waveguide for respectively detecting the optical waves converged by the first and second focusing grating couplers so that reading out of recorded information, detection of tracking error and detection of focusing error can be effected.

Abstract: A pickup apparatus for a magneto-optical recording medium comprises the first and second waveguides lying one upon the other for receiving a light beam reflected by a magneto-optical recording medium, and first and second focusing grating couplers disposed on the first waveguide for introducing the reflected light beam into the first waveguide in the same guided mode. A third focusing grating coupler is disposed for introducing the reflected light beam into the second waveguide in a different guided mode. First, second and third photodetectors are secured to the first or second waveguide for detecting the optical waves converged by the first, second and third focusing grating couplers. Tracking error and focusing error are detected based on the outputs of the first and second photodetectors, and recorded signals are detected based on a difference between the output of the first and/or second photodetector and an output of the third photodetector.

Abstract: An optical IC-type head assembly for recording and for reading information on an optical disc, comprising a substrate, a light guiding layer comprising a dielectric thin film formed monolithically on the substrate, a laser oscillator for injecting the laser beam into the light guiding layer, a grating coupler for converging the laser beam on the optical disc, and a photo detector for receiving the beam reflected by the optical disc and coming out of the grating coupler. In one embodiment the substrate is made of material having cleavability. One side surface of the light guiding layer receiving the laser beam is a break surface formed by cleaving the substrate along the cleavage plane. The photo detector is disposed at the break surface of the light guiding layer. The substrate is preferably made of single crystal material.

Abstract: Polymers having repeat units represented by formula (Ia) in the main chain thereof, ##STR1## wherein Ar represents an aromatic conjugated group, and n is 10 or more, and a method of producing polymers having repeat units of general formula (I), ##STR2## wherein Ar represents an aromatic conjugated group, and X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 each represent hydrogen or halogen when the bond between the two carbon atoms is a double bond, and when the bond is a triple bond, neither X.sup.1 nor X.sup.2 exist by the electrochemical reduction of a monomer having general formula,Z.sup.1 -Ar-Z.sup.2 (II),wherein Ar is the same as that defined in the above formula (I), and Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 each represent a methyl halide, are disclosed. These polymers are semiconductive or electroconductive and can be used as an active material of the electrodes of organic secondary batteries.

Abstract: A pickup apparatus for a magneto-optical recording medium comprises an optical waveguide for receiving a light beam reflected by a magneto-optical recording medium, and first and second focusing grating couplers disposed side by side on the optical waveguide for introducing the reflected light beam into the optical waveguide by exciting the same guided mode, and converging the guided optical waves. A third focusing grating coupler is disposed for introducing the reflected light beam into the optical waveguide in a different guided mode and converging the guided optical wave. First, second and third photodetectors are secured to the optical waveguide for respectively detecting the optical waves converged by the first, second and third focusing grating couplers.

Abstract: A light beam scanning read-out apparatus and a light beam scanning recording apparatus comprise an optical system for converting light guided inside of an optical waveguide into collimated optical wave, a device for generating surface acoustic waves which deflect the guided optical wave, a drive circuit for operating the surface acoustic wave generating device so that the frequency of the surface acoustic waves changes continuously, and a focusing grating coupler for converging the guided and deflected optical wave at a space outside of the optical waveguide. The read-out apparatus further comprises a sub-scanning device for moving a read-out original exposed to the converted light with respect to the optical waveguide, and a photodetector for detecting light obtained from the read-out original.

Abstract: An optical IC-type head assembly for recording and for reading information on an optical disc, comprising a substrate, a light guiding layer comprising a dielectric thin film formed monolithically on the substrate, a laser oscillator for injecting the laser beam into the light guiding layer, a grating coupler for converging the laser beam on the optical disc, and a photo detector for receiving the beam reflected by the optical disc and coming out of the grating coupler. In one embodiment the substrate is made of material having cleavability. One side surface of the light guiding layer receiving the laser beam is a break surface formed by cleaving the substrate along the cleavage plane. The photo detector is disposed at the break surface of the light guiding layer. The substrate is preferably made of single crystal material.

Abstract: An optical control device having at least two optical fibers arranged extremely adjacent to each other over a certain distance so that the optical fibers are optically coupled to each other. Among optical waves propagating in one of the optical fibers, a particular optical wave which is selected by the propagation constants of the two optical fibers and the propagation constant of an ultrasonic applied to the one optical fiber is transmitted to the other optical fiber.