Abstract: A seat comprises a seat cushion pad (20) including an air flow passage (21), and a blower connected to the air flow passage (21). The seat cushion pad (20) comprises a pad body (100), and a cover member (200) disposed on an upper surface of the pad body (100) to form the air flow passage (21) between the pad body (100) and the cover member (200). The cover member (200) comprises a first cover member (210) disposed on the upper surface of the pad body (100), and a second cover member (220) disposed on an upper surface of the first cover member (210). The first cover member (210) is fixed to the pad body (100), and the second cover member (220) is fixed to the first cover member (210) and to the pad body (100).

Abstract: A target thermal sensation setter sets target thermal sensations for a finite number of parts into which the occupant is virtually divided. A cabin temperature controller individually controls a cabin air-conditioning unit and an auxiliary heater so that the thermal sensations of the respective parts of the occupant estimated by an occupant thermal sensation estimator fall within a range of the target thermal sensations.

Abstract: An electromagnetic straight air brake equipment, especially to an air brake command system for railway vehicles for controlling the brake pipe pressure by employing an electric brake command type brake controller and electropneumatic convertor valve arrangement. This invention makes it possible to assemble the brake controller and the master controller into one handle, and requires no pneumatic piping leading to the operator's cab since the pneumatic apparatus is all located beneath the floor of the railway vehicle.

Abstract: An electropneumatic master controller for an electromagnetic straight air brake system for railway vehicles has a brake valve, brake solenoid valve, a release solenoid valve, and an electrical interface circuit. The electrical interface circuit includes a first and a second sensor and a first and a second comparator which are responsive to the pressure of the control line and straight air line to open and close the brake and release solenoid valves for applying and releasing the brake cylinder.