Abstract: A zoom lens includes a zoom optical system including movable lens groups for zooming which are moved between a ready-to-photograph position and an accommodated position, a diaphragm mechanism, and a lens shutter. One of the movable lens groups serves as an aperture-control lens group. The diaphragm mechanism and the lens shutter are positioned in front of and behind the aperture-control lens group and are movable relative to the aperture-control lens group in the optical axis direction. The diaphragm and the lens shutter are moved to close positions to the aperture-control lens group when the movable lens groups are moved to the accommodated position. Both apertures of the diaphragm mechanism and of the lens shutter are widely opened to allow the aperture-control lens group to partly enter the apertures when the diaphragm mechanism and the lens shutter are moved to the close positions.

Abstract: An optical element position control mechanism includes an optical element holding member which holds an optical element of a photographing system; an advancing/retracting movement guide member which guides the optical element holding member in an optical axis direction of the photographing system to be movable in the optical axis direction; and a biasing device including an arm, the arm being swingable about a swing axis which is substantially orthogonal to the optical axis and being engaged with the optical element holding member. The biasing device simultaneously exerts via the arm both a biasing force in a direction of movement of the optical element holding member that is guided by the advancing/retracting movement guide member and a biasing force in a direction orthogonal to the direction of movement of the optical element holding member on the optical element holding member.

Abstract: An optical axis correction apparatus of an imaging device, the imaging device including an imaging optical system having a plurality of optical elements, and an optical element position changing device which changes a relative position among the optical elements to vary a state of an object image formed thereby, the optical axis correction apparatus including an optical element moving device which moves at least one of the optical elements in a plane orthogonal to an optical axis; a memory which stores data relating to a deviation of the object image position in directions orthogonal to the optical axis, the deviation occurring when the optical element position changing device changes the relative position among the optical elements; and an object image position correction controller which drives the optical element moving device based on the data stored in the memory to correct said deviation of the object image position.

Abstract: A zoom lens includes a movable aperture-control lens group, and a variable aperture-stop mechanism provided in front or behind the aperture-control lens group. The variable aperture-stop mechanism includes an aperture blade opening/closing mechanism including at least one movable aperture blade and varies the size of an adjustable aperture. The variable aperture-stop mechanism includes a fixed circular aperture which is smaller than a large-sized adjustable aperture and greater than a small-sized adjustable aperture. The movable aperture blade and the fixed circular aperture are positioned in that order from the aperture-control lens group side. When the zoom lens retracts to the accommodated position thereof, the adjustable aperture enlarges in size while the variable aperture-stop mechanism moves to a close position to the aperture-control lens group, so that at least part of the aperture-control lens group enters the large-size adjustable aperture.

Abstract: A nonhemolytic sensor for determination of analytes in erythrocyte-containing biological fluids is disclosed that comprises an optical material having a deposit on a surface thereof, where this deposit includes an analyte-reactive reagent and a particulate means for suppressing hemolysis of erythrocytes in an erythrocyte-containing biological fluid, such as whole blood. Thus, a porous array of negatively charged particles, e.g., polymeric beads having a plurality of carboxylate surface groups, are disposed on a sampling surface of an optical sensor, and suppress hemolysis of erythrocytes coming into contact with the sampling surface. In the case of an optical sensor, such particles can simultaneously enhance reflectance of a light beam transmitted through the optical material to the sampling surface site.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus includes an image sensor and a photographing optical system. An imaging surface of the image sensor includes an effective light-receiving area having a rectangular shape that is defined by short sides and long sides. An optical surface of a lens that is provided closest to the image plane within the photographing optical system and which possesses an imaging function has a non-circular shape in a front elevational view. A boundary of the non-circular optical surface of the lens that is provided closest to the image plane includes two pairs of mutually parallel sides so that, when the lens that is provided closest to the image plane is rotated about the optical axis relative to the imaging surface, an image area formed by the non-circular optical surface covers the rectangular effective light-receiving area of the imaging surface before and after rotation.

Abstract: A lens barrel includes front and rear holding members holding front and rear optical elements; an advancing/retracting member; a first guide portion guiding the front holding member relative to the advancing/retracting member; a first biasing member biasing the front holding member rearwards; a second guide portion guiding the rear holding member independently of the advancing/retracting member; a second biasing member biasing the rear holding member forwards; and first contact portions provided between the front and rear holding members, a rearward movement of the front holding member causing the first contact portions to contact and transmit a rearward moving force to the rear holding member when the lens barrel moves to the lens barrel accommodated state. The first and second guide portions, force-applied portions provided between the first/second biasing members and the front/rear holding members, and the first contact portions being all positioned within one of four equiangular ranges.

Abstract: An optical element position control mechanism includes an optical element holding member which holds an optical element of a photographing system and is guided in an optical axis direction; a drive mechanism for moving the optical element holding member in the optical axis direction; and a biasing device including an arm which is swingable about a swing axis, the swing axis being substantially orthogonal to the optical axis, and the arm extending substantially orthogonal to the swing axis and having a free end portion which engages with the optical element holding member to bias the optical element holding member in the optical axis direction.

Abstract: An atomic oscillator that controls an oscillation frequency by using an optical absorption property derived from a quantum interference effect occurring when two kinds of resonance light are made incident as coherent light having different wavelengths from each other, includes an optical system that includes: a gas cell sealing metal atoms in a gas state therein; a coherent light source for supplying the resonance light to the metal atoms being in the gas cell; and a light detector for detecting light transmitted through the gas cell. In the atomic oscillator, a first refraction unit is formed at a light incident side, on which coherent light is made incident, of the gas cell.

Abstract: A hard powder contains much amount of a complex carbonitride solid solution, which can improve sinterability of a sintered hard alloy and give a uniform structure. The hard powder is a powder containing 90 vol % or more of a complex carbonitride solid solution represented by (Ti1-x,Mx)(C1-y,Ny), wherein M represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of W, Mo, Nb, Zr and Ta, x represents an atomic ratio of M based on the sum of Ti and M, y represents an atomic ratio of N based on the sum of C and N, x and y satisfy 0.05?x?0.5 and 0.01?y?0.75.

Abstract: A support structure for a light quantity control unit of a lens barrel includes a holding frame which holds a light quantity control member; front and rear support members positioned in front and behind the holding frame, respectively; a front guide pin and a front pin support hole formed on one and the other of the holding frame and the front support member, the front guide pin being slidably inserted into the front pin support hole; and a rear guide pin and a rear pin support hole formed on one and the other of the holding frame and the rear support member, the rear guide pin being slidably inserted into the rear pin support hole. The holding frame is supported by the front and rear guide pins and the front and rear pin support holes to be movable between the front and rear support members.

Abstract: A device for determination of analytes has optical material with a deposit on a surface thereof. The deposit includes an analyte-reactive reagent and a particulate material for enhancing reflectance of a light beam emitted through the optical material into the analyte-reactive reagent. The enhanced reflectance provides a return of light through the optical material at a level which is not only analytically useful, but involves sufficient returned light intensity so as to enable markedly improved sensitivity and accuracy in analytical determinations. A suitable particulate material is one of hollow spherical particles. Moreover, the particulate material may be selected for a property such as a neutralizing charge that suppresses the membrane-disruptive effects of certain types of optical materials and hemolytic reagents on blood cells such as erythrocytes.

Abstract: An engine provided with a fuel injector for directly injecting fuel into a cylinder, a spark plug positioning a spark gap in a flight path of fuel injected from the fuel injector, and a cavity formed in a piston top face, wherein at the time of stratified combustion, the fuel injector injects substantially all of the fuel in a direction merging with a tumble flow, swirling in a longitudinal direction along the cavity at the compression stroke, along the swirl direction of the tumble flow and uses the spark plug to ignite the fuel while the fuel at the end period of injection is passing through the spark gap.

Abstract: Four regions (a narrow NMOS region, a wide NMOS region, a wide PMOS region, and a narrow PMOS region) are defined on a semiconductor substrate. Then, after a gate insulating film and a polysilicon film are sequentially formed on the semiconductor substrate, n-type impurities are introduced into the polysilicon film in the wide NMOS region. Next, by patterning the polysilicon film, gate electrodes are formed in the four regions. Then, n-type impurities are introduced into the gate electrodes in the narrow NMOS region and the wide NMOS region. As a result, an impurity concentration of the gate electrode in the narrow NMOS region becomes lower than that of the gate electrode in the wide NMOS region.

Abstract: Polarization evaluation mask according to one mode includes a transparent substrate, a light shielding portion, plural quarter-wavelength plates, and plural polarizers. The light shielding portion is formed on the transparent substrate and has plural openings therein. Plural quarter-wavelength plates are formed to cover at least one opening. Fast axes of the quarter-wavelength plates are different in azimuth by a certain angle. Plural polarizers are disposed upstream of the quarter-wavelength plates with respect to the illumination light and formed to overlay the quarter-wavelength plates and cover at least one of the openings. Transmission axes of the polarizers are different in azimuth by a certain angle. The plural openings are provided with different combinations of an azimuth, of the polarizer and an azimuth of the quarter-wavelength plate from one another.

Abstract: A weight detection apparatus includes a transfer mechanism configured to transfer a medium to be detected along a transfer path at a predetermined speed, a transducer configured to detect a kinetic energy of the medium transferred by the transfer mechanism, and convert the detected kinetic energy into a measurable physical quantity, and an operation section configured to calculate an weight of the medium on the basis of the physical quantity converted by the transducer and the predetermined speed.

Abstract: A flexible printed wiring board arrangement of an imaging device, includes an image pickup device fixing member to which an image pickup device is fixed; a holding member which holds the image pickup device fixing member; an inclination angle adjusting mechanism for changing an inclination angle of the image pickup device fixing member relative to the holding member; a flexible printed wiring board which extends from the image pickup device; and a flexible printed wiring board support member which is fixed to the holding member at a position behind the image pickup device fixing member, a part of the flexible printed wiring board being in contact with the flexible printed wiring board support member.

Abstract: A light shielding structure of an optical device includes outer and inner annular members which move relative to each other in an axial direction, small and large diameter outer peripheral portions formed on the inner annular member, and a light shielding ring positioned inside the outer annular member and supported thereby. The light shielding ring does not contact the small-diameter outer peripheral portion of the inner annular member. The light shielding ring and the large-diameter outer peripheral portion of the inner annular member coincide with each other in the axial direction in an operating state of the optical device whereby a clearance between the outer annular member and the inner annular member is made light-tight. The light shielding ring and the small-diameter outer peripheral portion of the inner annular member coincide with each other in the axial direction in a non-operating state of the optical device.

Abstract: A rotationally extendable structure of a lens barrel includes a stationary ring; a rotational ring, supported by the stationary ring to move in an optical axis direction while rotating and includes a peripheral gear at the rear end thereof; and a rotational-ring drive gear. The rotational-ring drive gear includes a long gear portion, formed long enough to mesh with the peripheral gear over an entire moving range of the rotational ring, and a large-diameter gear portion at the rear end of the long gear portion. The rotational ring is provided in a rear end thereof with a large-diameter-gear accommodating recess. When the rotational ring is moved to a rearward movement extremity in the optical axis direction, the large-diameter gear portion enters into the large-diameter-gear accommodating recess so that the large-diameter gear portion coincides with the peripheral gear with respect to the optical axis direction.

Abstract: A cam mechanism includes a cam ring, and a linearly movable frame movable supporting an optical element. The cam grooves are located at different positions in the optical axis direction and which trace a same reference cam diagram. All cam grooves are partial cam grooves each having at least one end opening at at least one of opposite ends of the cam ring, so as not to include an entire portion of the reference cam diagram. Cam followers are located at different positions at least in the optical axis direction and are respectively engageable in the cam grooves. At least one of the cam followers remains engaged in a corresponding cam groove while at least one of the other of the cam followers comes out of the end opening and is disengaged therefrom when the linearly movable frame moves to movement limit in the optical-axis direction.