Abstract: An acquiring unit of a structured illuminating microscopy apparatus acquires at least two modulated images having the same wave number vector and the different phases; and a calculating unit of the structured illuminating microscopy apparatus, in a spatial frequency spectrum of each of at least the two modulated images acquired by the acquiring unit, separates a 0th-order modulating component and ±first-order modulating components of observational light fluxes superimposed on arbitrary two observation points based on at least four observation values regarding the two observation points which are mutually displaced by an amount of the wave number vector.

Abstract: An acquiring unit of a structured illuminating microscopy apparatus acquires at least two modulated images having the same wave number vector and the different phases; and a calculating unit of the structured illuminating microscopy apparatus, in a spatial frequency spectrum of each of at least the two modulated images acquired by the acquiring unit, separates a 0th-order modulating component and ±first-order modulating components of observational light fluxes superimposed on arbitrary two observation points based on at least four observation values regarding the two observation points which are mutually displaced by an amount of the wave number vector.

Abstract: Provided is a novel sample separating instrument and a novel sample analyzing device each of which can be suitably used for emission transfer. A sample separating instrument (100) for use in emission transfer includes: a separation medium (10); and a holding section (21), the holding section (21) having an opening (21b) on an end part side, the separation medium (10) having an exposed part (10b), the exposed part (10b) having extending parts (10a) which extend on respective edge parts (21a) of the holding section (21) which edge parts are located on respective both sides of the opening (21b).

Abstract: A microscope system as an optical microscope system for observing a specimen includes: an imaging optical system that forms an image of transmitted light or reflected light from the specimen; an illumination light source that illuminates illumination light on the specimen; an illumination optical system that has a first spatial light modulation element, which changes intensity distribution of the illumination light at a conjugate position of a pupil of the imaging optical system, and illuminates light, which is originated from the illumination light source, on the specimen; an image sensor that detects light through the imaging optical system; and a calculation section that calculates the intensity distribution of the illumination light appropriate for observation of the specimen on the basis of the intensity distribution of the illumination light formed by the first spatial light modulation element and output data detected by the image sensor.

Abstract: An acquiring unit of a structured illuminating microscopy apparatus acquires at least two modulated images having the same wave number vector and the different phases; and a calculating unit of the structured illuminating microscopy apparatus, in a spatial frequency spectrum of each of at least the two modulated images acquired by the acquiring unit, separates a 0th-order modulating component and ±first-order modulating components of observational light fluxes superimposed on arbitrary two observation points based on at least four observation values regarding the two observation points which are mutually displaced by an amount of the wave number vector.

Abstract: Provided is an image processing apparatus including as image acquiring section that acquires a plurality of images obtained by imaging, at different times, a subject irradiated with lights intensity-modulated with a plurality of modulation frequencies or modulation frequency bands; and a demodulating section that demodulates pixel values of the plurality of images with a plurality of demodulation frequencies or demodulation frequency bands based on the plurality of modulation frequencies or modulation frequency bands, for each pixel, thereby generating a plurality of pieces of pixel information indicating subject light amounts from the subject caused by each of the lights intensity-modulated with the plurality of modulation frequencies or modulation frequency bands, for each pixel.

Abstract: An acquiring unit of a structured illuminating microscopy apparatus acquires at least two modulated images having the same wave number vector and the different phases; and a calculating unit of the structured illuminating microscopy apparatus, in a spatial frequency spectrum of each of at least the two modulated images acquired by the acquiring unit, separates a 0th-order modulating component and ±first-order modulating components of observational light fluxes superimposed on arbitrary two observation points based on at least four observation values regarding the two observation points which are mutually displaced by an amount of the wave number vector.

Abstract: Provided is a novel sample separating instrument and a novel sample analyzing device each of which can be suitably used for emission transfer. A sample separating instrument (100) for use in emission transfer includes: a separation medium (10); and a holding section (21), the holding section (21) having an opening (21b) on an end part side, the separation medium (10) having an exposed part (10b), the exposed part (10b) having extending parts (10a) which extend on respective edge parts (21a) of the holding section (21) which edge parts are located on respective both sides of the opening (21b).

Abstract: A detector comprises a plurality of photoelectric converters to output an electrical signal corresponding to an incident light, and a plurality of filter circuits provided corresponding to each of the plurality of photoelectric converters or to each of a plurality of element groups respectively including a predetermined number of the photoelectric converters of the plurality of photoelectric converters, the plurality of filter circuits attenuating a signal having a predetermined frequency from the electrical signal output from the plurality of photoelectric converters, In the above-described detector, the plurality of photoelectric converters may be provided in a first substrate, and the plurality of filter circuits may be provided in a second substrate laminated on the first substrate.

Abstract: Provided is an image processing apparatus including as image acquiring section that acquires a plurality of images obtained by imaging, at different times, a subject irradiated with lights intensity-modulated with a plurality of modulation frequencies or modulation frequency bands; and a demodulating section that demodulates pixel values of the plurality of images with a plurality of demodulation frequencies or demodulation frequency bands based on the plurality of modulation frequencies or modulation frequency bands, for each pixel, thereby generating a plurality of pieces of pixel information indicating subject light amounts from the subject caused by each of the lights intensity-modulated with the plurality of modulation frequencies or modulation frequency bands, for each pixel.

Abstract: An imaging device with excellent imaging performance is provided. An imaging device that easily performs imaging under a low illuminance condition is provided. A low power consumption imaging device is provided. An imaging device with small variations in characteristics between its pixels is provided. A highly integrated imaging device is provided. A photoelectric conversion element includes a first electrode, and a first layer, a second layer, and a third layer. The first layer is provided between the first electrode and the third layer. The second layer is provided between the first layer and the third layer. The first layer contains selenium. The second layer contains a metal oxide. The third layer contains a metal oxide and also contains at least one of a rare gas atom, phosphorus, and boron. The selenium may be crystalline selenium. The second layer may be a layer of an In—Ga—Zn oxide including c-axis-aligned crystals.

Abstract: Provided is a feature for performing more accurate analysis in a sample separation adsorption method. A gel cassette (22) is provided with a separation medium (19) for separating out a sample by electrophoresis and discharging the sample, a first insulating portion (13a) and a second insulating portion (13b) sandwiching the separation medium, and warping prevention portions (20) that are inserted between the first insulating portion (13a) and the second insulating portion (13b), and that mitigate warping of the first insulating portion (13a) and the second insulating portion (13b).

Abstract: A microscope system as an optical microscope system for observing a specimen includes: an imaging optical system that forms an image of transmitted light or reflected light from the specimen; an illumination light source that illuminates illumination light on the specimen; an illumination optical system that has a first spatial light modulation element, which changes intensity distribution of the illumination light at a conjugate position of a pupil of the imaging optical system, and illuminates light, which is originated from the illumination light source, on the specimen; an image sensor that detects light through the imaging optical system; and a calculation section that calculates the intensity distribution of the illumination light appropriate for observation of the specimen on the basis of the intensity distribution of the illumination light formed by the first spatial light modulation element and output data detected by the image sensor.

Abstract: A detector comprises a plurality of photoelectric converters to output an electrical signal corresponding to an incident light, and a plurality of filter circuits provided corresponding to each of the plurality of photoelectric converters or to each of a plurality of element groups respectively including a predetermined number of the photoelectric converters of the plurality of photoelectric converters, the plurality of filter circuits attenuating a signal having a predetermined frequency from the electrical signal output from the plurality of photoelectric converters, In the above-described detector, the plurality of photoelectric converters may be provided in a first substrate, and the plurality of filter circuits may be provided in a second substrate laminated on the first substrate.

Abstract: A sample separator (1) comprising an accommodation part (10) that accommodates a separation medium for electrophoresis, and a support (20) formed from a porous material. The accommodation part (10) includes an internal space (10c) filled with the separation medium, and is provided with a supply port (10a) and discharge port (10b) that are in communication with the internal space (10c). The support (20) is provided so as to block the discharge port (10b).

Abstract: An automatic electrophoresis apparatus includes: a transfer film supply unit configured to supply a transfer film; a sample transfer unit configured to transfer a sample separated by electrophoresis to the transfer film; a post-processing unit configured to perform processing of the transfer film, to which the sample has been transferred, to obtain a transfer image thereof; and a transporting unit configured to transfer the transfer film along a transporting direction between each of units. The transfer film is provided with guide members that are configured to guide and support along the transporting direction.

Abstract: An imaging device with excellent imaging performance is provided. An imaging device that easily performs imaging under a low illuminance condition is provided. A low power consumption imaging device is provided. An imaging device with small variations in characteristics between its pixels is provided. A highly integrated imaging device is provided. A photoelectric conversion element includes a first electrode, and a first layer, a second layer, and a third layer. The first layer is provided between the first electrode and the third layer. The second layer is provided between the first layer and the third layer. The first layer contains selenium. The second layer contains a metal oxide. The third layer contains a metal oxide and also contains at least one of a rare gas atom, phosphorus, and boron. The selenium may be crystalline selenium. The second layer may be a layer of an In—Ga—Zn oxide including c-axis-aligned crystals.

Abstract: A microscope system as an optical microscope system for observing a specimen includes: an imaging optical system that forms an image of transmitted light or reflected light from the specimen; an illumination light source that illuminates illumination light on the specimen; an illumination optical system that has a first spatial light modulation element, which changes intensity distribution of the illumination light at a conjugate position of a pupil of the imaging optical system, and illuminates light, which is originated from the illumination light source, on the specimen; an image sensor that detects light through the imaging optical system; and a calculation section that calculates the intensity distribution of the illumination light appropriate for observation of the specimen on the basis of the intensity distribution of the illumination light formed by the first spatial light modulation element and output data detected by the image sensor.

Abstract: An acquiring unit of a structured illuminating microscopy apparatus acquires at least two modulated images having the same wave number vector and the different phases; and a calculating unit of the structured illuminating microscopy apparatus, in a spatial frequency spectrum of each of at least the two modulated images acquired by the acquiring unit, separates a 0th-order modulating component and ±first-order modulating components of observational light fluxes superimposed on arbitrary two observation points based on at least four observation values regarding the two observation points which are mutually displaced by an amount of the wave number vector.

Abstract: An electrophoresis gel, in which a good pH gradient or concentration gradient of a gel-forming monomer is formed, is produced. In addition, the production efficiency of an electrophoresis reaction tool is improved and the production processes are simplified. At least one of a first process to add a gel-forming monomer to a first solution containing an initiator to initiate polymerization of the gel-forming monomer by external energy in such a way that a pH gradient or concentration gradient of the gel-forming monomer is formed and a second process to initiate the polymerization of the above-described gel-forming monomer in the first solution, to which the above-described gel-forming monomer has been added, by using the above-described external energy is included.