Abstract: A feedback control device capable of continuously performing high-accuracy, stable control even in cases where any of multiple controllers for controlling a controlled system becomes incapable of control action. A controller (master controller) generates control data for stably controlling a heater by feedback control, controls the heater in accordance with the control data, and sends the control data to the other controller (slave controller). The slave controller receives the control data from the master controller but does not control the heater while the master controller is operating normally. If the master controller develops anomaly and becomes incapable of normal control action, the slave controller initiates feedback control of the heater in accordance with the control data received from the master controller immediately before the anomaly occurred, and controls the heater thereafter in accordance with control data generated thereby.

Abstract: A pre-emphasis control method automatically and appropriately performs the pre-emphasis of each wavelength in a wavelength division multiplexing communications system. Before instructing pre-emphasis for a transmitting unit, the optical power of an optical signal of each channel (wavelength) is increased/decreased by a predetermined value, and it is determined for each channel whether or not the difference between a Q value when the optical power is large and a Q value when the optical power is small, is larger than 0. Depending on the determination, that is, if the difference is larger than 0, then it is determined that the channel belongs to a linear area, and if the different is equal to or smaller than 0, then the channel belongs to a nonlinear area. If the Q value of each channel is to be improved by the pre-emphasis, then the optical power is increased for the channel in the linear area, and decreased for the channel in the nonlinear area.

Abstract: A bypass controller (30) controls ON/OFF of a three-way electromagnetic valve (62) according to a detection value of a cam chamber sensor (12a). When the cam chamber sensor (12a) detects a viscosity of lubricant exceeding a predetermined allowable value, the three-way electromagnetic valve (62) is controlled to turn ON so that the output side of an oil separator (13) communicates with a bypass route (61). The pressure in the cam chamber (12) is reduced to or below the atmospheric pressure by suction of a compressor (16) with a check valve (14) regulating the pressure in the cam chamber (12) to the atmospheric pressure or above in the bypassed state. When the detection value of the viscosity of the lubricant output by the cam chamber sensor (12a) has become the predetermined allowable value or below, the three-way electromagnetic valve (62) is controlled to turn OFF so that the output side of the oil separator (13) communicates with the check valve (14) and the bypass route (61) is cut off.

Abstract: An optical amplifier to which an optical output power automatic attenuation circuit according to the present invention is applied, comprises: one amplifier board to and from which a WDM light is input and output; and a plurality of booster boards which supply pumping lights to the amplifier board, an ID pattern generated in an ID pattern generating circuit disposed in each of the booster boards is superposed on the pumping light to be sent to the amplifier board, an electric signal indicating a monitoring result of the pumping light in a light receiver disposed on the amplifier board is transmitted to each of the booster boards, it is detected in an ID coincidence detection circuit in each of the booster boards whether or not a received ID pattern contained in the electric signal is coincident with the generated ID pattern, and a connection condition of an output fiber is judged according to the detection result so that an output level of the pumping light is controlled.

Abstract: An optical transmission device improved in optical coupling loss between light guides and optical elements and excelling in efficiency of light utilization is provided with light guides having light incidence/emission sections on plural stepped portions, a substrate that fixes the light guides, and light receiving elements and light emitting elements arranged on the substrate to match the light incidence/emission sections of the light guides. The light receiving elements and the light emitting elements are arranged on the substrate by use of optical connectors. Coefficients of linear expansion and the rates of dimensional variation due to water absorption (or alternatively due to water absorption rates) of the light guides and the substrate here are substantially equalized.

Abstract: An optical amplifier to which an optical output power automatic attenuation circuit according to the present invention is applied, comprises: one amplifier board to and from which a WDM light is input and output; and a plurality of booster boards which supply pumping lights to the amplifier board, an ID pattern generated in an ID pattern generating circuit disposed in each of the booster boards is superposed on the pumping light to be sent to the amplifier board, an electric signal indicating a monitoring result of the pumping light in a light receiver disposed on the amplifier board is transmitted to each of the booster boards, it is detected in an ID coincidence detection circuit in each of the booster boards whether or not a received ID pattern contained in the electric signal is coincident with the generated ID pattern, and a connection condition of an output fiber is judged according to the detection result so that an output level of the pumping light is controlled.

Abstract: In an occupant detecting apparatus for detecting an occupant seated on a passenger seat of a vehicle with an airbag for the occupant, a load sensor is provided in a bottom part of the seat. A plurality of first electric field sensors are provided in the bottom part of the seat, and a plurality of second electric field sensors are provided in a rear part of the seat. An airbag inflating permission control unit permits inflation of the airbag in accordance with output signals of the load sensor and the first and second electric field sensors.

Abstract: A diffusion part diffuses an optical signal emitted from the end face of an optical fiber of an input light guide. An input reflection part reflects the optical signal diffused by the diffusion part in the direction of an output reflection part. A transparent medium guides the optical signal reflected by the input reflection part in the direction of the output reflection part. Output reflection parts reflect optical signals guided in the transparent media in the direction of optical fibers of output light guides. The optical signal reflected by the output reflection part is incident on the end face of the optical fiber and is transmitted over the output light guide.

Abstract: An optical transmitter including a variable optical attenuator and a controller. The variable optical attenuator attenuates a light to be transmitted from the optical transmitter in accordance with a drive current of the attenuator. The attenuator has an attenuation versus drive current characteristic curve with a peak so that attenuation increases with increasing drive current on a side of the peak ascending to the peak and attenuation decreases with increasing drive current at an opposite side of the peak descending from the peak. The controller monitors the attenuated light and controls the drive current to maintain an attenuation amount near the peak. The attenuator is, for example, a Faraday rotator.

Abstract: In an occupant detecting apparatus for detecting an occupant seated on a passenger seat of a vehicle with an airbag for the occupant, a load sensor is provided in a bottom part of the seat. A plurality of first electric field sensors are provided in the bottom part of the seat, and a plurality of second electric field sensors are provided in a rear part of the seat. An airbag inflating permission control unit permits inflation of the airbag in accordance with output signals of the load sensor and the first and second electric field sensors.

Abstract: An optical transmission device improved in optical coupling loss between light guides and optical elements and excelling in efficiency of light utilization is to be provided. The optical transmission device is provided with light guides having light incidence/emission sections on plural stepped portions, a substrate which fixes the light guides, and light receiving elements and light emitting elements arranged on the substrate to match the light incidence/emission sections of the light guides. The light receiving elements and the light emitting elements are arranged on the substrate by use of optical connectors. Coefficients of linear expansion and the rates of dimensional variation due to water absorption (or water absorption rates) of the light guides and the substrate here are substantially equalized.

Abstract: A pre-emphasis control method automatically and appropriately performs the pre-emphasis of each wavelength in a wavelength division multiplexing communications system. Before instructing pre-emphasis for a transmitting unit, the optical power of an optical signal of each channel (wavelength) is increased/decreased by a predetermined value, and it is determined for each channel whether or not the difference between a Q value when the optical power is large and a Q value when the optical power is small, is larger than 0. Depending on the determination, that is, if the difference is larger than 0, then it is determined that the channel belongs to a linear area, and if the different is equal to or smaller than 0, then the channel belongs to a nonlinear area. If the Q value of each channel is to be improved by the pre-emphasis, then the optical power is increased for the channel in the linear area, and decreased for the channel in the nonlinear area.

Abstract: In an occupant detecting apparatus for detecting an occupant seated on a passenger seat of a vehicle with an airbag for the occupant, a load sensor is provided in a bottom part of the seat. A plurality of first electric field sensors are provided in the bottom part of the seat, and a plurality of second electric field sensors are provided in a rear part of the seat. An airbag inflating permission control unit permits inflation of the airbag in accordance with output signals of the load sensor and the first and second electric field sensors.

Abstract: A diffusion part diffuses an optical signal emitted from the end face of an optical fiber of an input light guide. An input reflection part reflects the optical signal diffused by the diffusion part in the direction of an output reflection part. A transparent medium guides the optical signal reflected by the input reflection part in the direction of the output reflection part. Output reflection parts reflect optical signals guided in the transparent media in the direction of optical fibers of output light guides. The optical signal reflected by the output reflection part is incident on the end face of the optical fiber and is transmitted over the output light guide.

Abstract: In an occupant detecting apparatus for detecting an occupant seated on a passenger seat of a vehicle with an airbag for the occupant, a load sensor is provided in a bottom part of the seat. A plurality of first electric field sensors are provided in the bottom part of the seat, and a plurality of second electric field sensors are provided in a rear part of the seat. An airbag inflating permission control unit permits inflation of the airbag in accordance with output signals of the load sensor and the first and second electric field sensors.

Abstract: A driver switch 1 moves a slider 9 supported in a recess 12 provided on a control equipment main body 4 through an arm 8 integrated with a knob 7. On the slider 9, a movable contact 10 is provided, which contacts with stationary contacts formed on an auto circuit board 11 piled on a rear face of the control equipment main body 4 and can switch a manual operation and an auto operation. This output of the driver switch 1, in either case of the manual operation and the auto operation, controls a motor of the driver side window through the relay 18. An assistant side switch is a manual switch and controls directly the motor of an assistant side window through operating a manual circuit integrated with the control equipment main body 4 by the switch formed thereon.

Abstract: On a terminal base 3, a terminal groove is provided to extend to a sliding direction of a movable contact 10, after a terminal 30 is inserted into the terminal groove 17, fixed on a rear side by caulking. Terminal base 3 has a coupler potion 20 on a rear side thereof and a coupler terminal 34 formed on an end of a terminal 30 projects into the coupler portion 20 through a through hole. On a surface side of the terminal base 3 on an opposite side of the coupler portion 20, a spacer 8 possessing a smooth sliding face is mounted substantially flush with the contact portion 31 so that lifting of the terminal 30 is prevented.

Abstract: In the thunder cloud observation system of the present invention, the vertical direction accumulated water content (VIL) is calculated by the VIL arithmetic operation unit from echo strength data obtained by the climate radar, the echo peak temperature is obtained by the echo peak temperature arithmetic operation unit with reference to altitude-temperature comparison data on the basis of high atmospheric climate data, the precipitation area is determined by the area determination unit from the VIL data, and the thunder cloud area generated within the precipitation area is identified from the echo peak temperature data. The thunder cloud area determined by the area determination unit is subjected to the correlation processes in terms of distance and overlapping area by the identification/tracking process unit, thus performing the identification/tracking, and the results of the processes of the area judgment unit and the identification/tracking process unit are displayed in the image display unit.

Abstract: A lower sash installed inside a door panel of, for instance, the door of an automobile so as to guide and hold window glass that is accommodated inside the door panel, the lower sash having a structure in which the sash has a channel shape in cross section comprising an outer-panel-side outer wing and an inner-panel-side inner wing formed as an integral part on either side of a frame plate, truss-form openings are formed in the frame plate, glass guides, which are elastic projections and respectively face the outer wing and inner wing, are arranged in an alternating manner so as to positionally correspond to the truss-form openings, and the wall thickness of the outer wing or inner wing is made thicker at a lower panel attachment end than the upper door sash end; and these elements are molded into an integral plastic unit.

Abstract: A stuff bit synchronization system synchronizes high-speed signals utilizing low-speed components. Since the respective components operate at low speeds, the power consumption and calorific value are reduced in the stuffed synchronous system. The stuff bit synchronization system includes a transmitter for transmitting a digital signal. The transmitter includes a buffer for temporarily holding the digital signal to be transmitted and a reading controller that reads contents of the buffer in parallel and provides a stuffing bit. The stuff bit synchronization system also includes a receiver for receiving the digital signal and for removing the stuffing bit from the digital signal.