Abstract: An exhaust manifold maintains the EGR ratio constant irrespective of a change in shape of the exhaust manifold and includes exhaust gas inlet sections connected to the exhaust ports of respective cylinders of the engine; a main pipe section configured so that exhaust gas entering from the exhaust gas inlet sections is collected inside the main pipe section; an EGR gas taking-out section for extracting, as EGR gas, a part of the exhaust gas; and an exhaust gas discharge section for discharging the exhaust gas. The main pipe section has formed thereon a curved section provided between the exhaust gas inlet sections and curved in a shape protruding to the side opposite the exhaust gas inlet sections. The curved section has a recess which is formed by causing a portion of the outer peripheral surface of the curved section to be recessed toward the inside of the main pipe section.

Abstract: Disclosed is an exhaust purification system (2) for an internal combustion engine (1), which comprises: a reduction catalyst (6) that is arranged in an exhaust pipe (exhaust passage) (3) of the internal combustion engine (1); and a reducing agent spraying device (4) for spraying a reducing agent within the exhaust pipe (3) in the upstream of the reduction catalyst (6). A dispersing member (member for promoting evaporation of the reducing agent) (5) is arranged at a position, which is in the upstream of the reduction catalyst (6) within the exhaust pipe (3), and to which the reducing agent is sprayed from the reducing agent spraying device (4). The dispersing member (5) is formed of a porous member and affixed within the exhaust pipe (3) such that the dispersing member (5) is parallel to the flowing direction of the exhaust gas.

Abstract: An exhaust purification apparatus which comprises: a first processing unit for removing particulate matter; a second processing unit for reducing nitrogen oxide; a communication pipe for guiding exhaust from an exhaust outlet of the first processing unit to an exhaust inlet of the second processing unit; and a reducing agent supply unit on the communication pipe. The first and second processing units are arranged in parallel such that the exhaust outlet and the exhaust inlet are on the sides facing each other. The communication pipe is arranged between the first and second processing units where the processing units are closest to each other such that the upstream part of the communication pipe extends from the exhaust outlet along the outer circumferential surface of the first processing unit and the downstream part of the communication pipe extends along the outer circumferential surface of the second processing unit to the exhaust inlet.

Abstract: Disclosed is an exhaust purification system (2) for an internal combustion engine (1), which comprises: a reduction catalyst (6) that is arranged in an exhaust pipe (exhaust passage) (3) of the internal combustion engine (1); and a reducing agent spraying device (4) for spraying a reducing agent within the exhaust pipe (3) in the upstream of the reduction catalyst (6). A dispersing member (member for promoting evaporation of the reducing agent) (5) is arranged at a position, which is in the upstream of the reduction catalyst (6) within the exhaust pipe (3), and to which the reducing agent is sprayed from the reducing agent spraying device (4). The dispersing member (5) is formed of a porous member and affixed within the exhaust pipe (3) such that the dispersing member (5) is parallel to the flowing direction of the exhaust gas.

Abstract: An exhaust manifold maintains the EGR ratio constant irrespective of a change in shape of the exhaust manifold and includes exhaust gas inlet sections connected to the exhaust ports of respective cylinders of the engine; a main pipe section configured so that exhaust gas entering from the exhaust gas inlet sections is collected inside the main pipe section; an EGR gas taking-out section for extracting, as EGR gas, a part of the exhaust gas; and an exhaust gas discharge section for discharging the exhaust gas. The main pipe section has formed thereon a curved section provided between the exhaust gas inlet sections and curved in a shape protruding to the side opposite the exhaust gas inlet sections. The curved section has a recess which is formed by causing a portion of the outer peripheral surface of the curved section to be recessed toward the inside of the main pipe section.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a black smoke exhaust purification apparatus capable of equalizing temperature of a particulate filter and facilitating maintenance thereof. The black smoke exhaust purification apparatus is arranged in series therein with an oxidation catalyst and a particulate filter wherein an inlet for exhaust gas is disposed between the oxidation catalyst and the particulate filter, and wherein an exhaust gas passage is extended from the inlet portion through the oxidation catalyst so as to be connected to an upstream space of the oxidation catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lipid membrane that contains a polypeptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, 4, 6, 8, or 22. Use of the present invention enables screening for a chemical which regulates excretion of a chemical and/or a waste. Furthermore, use of the present invention enables an arbitrary chemical to be tested for nephrotoxicity and/or hepatotoxicity.

Abstract: Disclosed is an exhaust purification apparatus which comprises: a first processing unit (10) for removing particulate matter; a second processing unit (20) for mainly reducing nitrogen oxide from the exhaust that has passed through the first processing unit (10); a communication pipe (30) for guiding the exhaust from an exhaust outlet of the first processing unit (10) to an exhaust inlet of the second processing unit (20); and a reducing agent supply unit (40) for supplying a reducing agent to the exhaust. The first processing unit (10) and the second processing unit (20) are arranged in parallel to each other in such a manner that the exhaust outlet of the first processing unit (10) and the exhaust inlet of the second processing unit (20) are on the sides facing each other.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to isolate a transporter responsible for ATP transport and a gene encoding the transporter. It is another object of the invention to provide a method for the screening of a medicament for treating and/or regulating pain in central nerves, blood coagulation by platelet-derived ATP, or the like, the method employing such a transporter. According to the invention, a transporter responsible for ATP transport and a gene encoding the transporter were isolated. Furthermore, there is provided a method for the screening of a medicament for treating and/or regulating pain in central nerves, blood coagulation by platelet-derived ATP, or the like, the method employing such a transporter.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lipid membrane that contains a polypeptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, 4, 6, 8, or 22. Use of the present invention enables screening for a chemical which regulates excretion of a chemical and/or a waste. Furthermore, use of the present invention enables an arbitrary chemical to be tested for nephrotoxicity and/or hepatotoxicity.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lipid membrane that contains a polypeptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, 4, 6, 8, or 22. Use of the present invention enables screening for a chemical which regulates excretion of a chemical and/or a waste. Furthermore, use of the present invention enables an arbitrary chemical to be tested for nephrotoxicity and/or hepatotoxicity.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to isolate a transporter responsible for ATP transport and a gene encoding the transporter. It is another object of the invention to provide a method for the screening of a medicament for treating and/or regulating pain in central nerves, blood coagulation by platelet-derived ATP, or the like, the method employing such a transporter. According to the invention, a transporter responsible for ATP transport and a gene encoding the transporter were isolated. Furthermore, there is provided a method for the screening of a medicament for treating and/or regulating pain in central nerves, blood coagulation by platelet-derived ATP, or the like, the method employing such a transporter.

Abstract: It's an object of the present invention to provide a black smoke exhaust purification apparatus capable of equalizing temperature of a particulate filter and facilitating maintenance thereof. The black smoke exhaust purification apparatus (20) is arranged in series therein with an oxidation catalyst (4) and a particulate filter (1), wherein an inlet for exhaust gas (10) is disposed between the oxidation catalyst (4) and the particulate filter (1), and wherein an exhaust gas passage is extended from the inlet portion through the oxidation catalyst (4) so as to be connected to an upstream space (2a) of the oxidation catalyst (4).

Abstract: The present invention provides a lipid membrane that contains a polypeptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, 4, 6, 8, or 22. Use of the present invention enables screening for a chemical which regulates excretion of a chemical and/or a waste. Furthermore, use of the present invention enables an arbitrary chemical to be tested for nephrotoxicity and/or hepatotoxicity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an exhaust manifold for a supercharger-equipped internal combustion engine having multiple cylinders capable of preventing an increase in the fuel consumption and of reducing load application time. The engine satisfies at least one of the following expressions, where D is the diameter of a main tube of the exhaust manifold, d is the diameter of a branch tube, D1 is the diameter of a passage of a connection connecting the branch tube to the main tube, R is the radius in the outer peripheral side of the connection smoothly connecting the branch tube to the main tube of the exhaust manifold, and r is the radius in the inner circumference side. 1.2?(D/d)2 ?2.5, 0.8?(d/de)2?1.2, 0.7?(D/D1)2?1.4, 1.7?R/r?2.1.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to restrict a part of intake flow which is apt to flow in a direction opposite to a counter swirl flow after colliding against a valve stem, and to produce an intense swirl while controlling a worsening of flow coefficient. A valve seat supporting annular stepped surface(14) is formed on an intake port outlet portion of a cylinder head (1), its inner peripheral edge is formed into a shape having an inner peripheral edge (4a) of a valve stem (4)for serving as a base circle, and a extending portion (15) projecting toward a side of a valve stem (11) is provided on a radial intake port inlet side portion. The extending portion (15) is formed into a mountain-like shape which widens from a top portion projecting toward the valve stem side to both peripheral sides and connects to the base circle at its foot ends; or into an arc-like shape; or into a trapezoidal shape.