Abstract: This hot-rolled steel sheet has a predetermined chemical composition, has a microstructure including, by area %, residual austenite of less than 3.0%, ferrite of 15.0% or more and less than 60.0%, and pearlite of less than 5.0%, in which an entropy value obtained by analyzing an SEM image of the microstructure using a gray-level co-occurrence matrix method is 10.7 or more, an inverse difference normalized value is 1.020 or more, a cluster shade value is ?8.0×105 to 8.0×105, and a standard deviation of an Mn concentration is 0.60 mass % or less, and has a tensile strength of 980 MPa or more.

Abstract: This hot-rolled steel sheet has a predetermined chemical composition, in which a metal microstructure contains, by area %, 3.0% or more of residual austenite, has a ratio L52/L7 of a length L52 of a grain boundary having a crystal orientation difference of 52° to a length L7 of a grain boundary having a crystal orientation difference of 7° about a <110> direction of 0.10 or more and 0.18 or less, has a standard deviation of a Mn concentration of 0.60 mass % or less, and has a tensile strength of 980 MPa or more.

Abstract: This hot-rolled steel sheet has a predetermined chemical composition, in a microstructure, by area %, ferrite is less than 15.0%, residual austenite is less than 3.0%, L52/L7, which is a ratio of a length L52 of a grain boundary having a crystal orientation difference of 52° to a length L7 of a grain boundary having a crystal orientation difference of 7° about a <110> direction is 0.10 to 0.18, a standard deviation of a Mn concentration is 0.60 mass % or less, and a tensile strength is 980 MPa or more.

Abstract: An image capturing apparatus includes an image capturing device that captures an image of light from a subject, the light passing through each of wavelength band filters having invisible wavelengths as passbands, in which parts of the passbands of the filters whose center wavelengths are adjacent to each other mutually overlap, and a control unit that causes the image capturing device to capture an image of the light from the subject on which a first irradiation light is irradiated, the first irradiation light having a first spectral distribution in which parts of the respective passbands of the filters overlap with one another, and causes the image capturing device to capture an image of the light from the subject on which a second irradiation light is irradiated, the second irradiation light having a second spectral distribution in which parts of the respective passbands of the filters overlap with one another.

Abstract: An image capturing apparatus includes an image capturing device that captures an image of light from a subject, the light passing through each of wavelength band filters having invisible wavelengths as passbands, in which parts of the passbands of the filters whose center wavelengths are adjacent to each other mutually overlap, and a control unit that causes the image capturing device to capture an image of the light from the subject on which a first irradiation light is irradiated, the first irradiation light having a first spectral distribution in which parts of the respective passbands of the filters overlap with one another, and causes the image capturing device to capture an image of the light from the subject on which a second irradiation light is irradiated, the second irradiation light having a second spectral distribution in which parts of the respective passbands of the filters overlap with one another.

Abstract: A vehicle approach alert device includes: a memory memorizing a warning sound source data for emitting a warning sound from an external sound emitting unit and a canceling sound source data for emitting a canceling sound from an internal sound emitting unit. The canceling sound cancels the warning sound transmitted from the external sound emitting unit to inside of the vehicle. The vehicle approach alert device further includes: a control part configured to read the warning sound source data from the memory to cause the external sound emitting unit to emit the warning sound based on the warning sound source data, and to read the canceling sound source data from the memory to cause the internal sound emitting unit to emit the canceling sound based on the canceling sound source data to be synchronized with the warning sound.

Abstract: A vehicle approach warning apparatus outputting a warning sound signal for outputting a warning sound, and generating the warning sound according to the warning sound signal from a speaker, and notifying a pedestrian around a vehicle that the vehicle approaches to the pedestrian is provided. The vehicle approach warning apparatus includes a memory portion, a signal generation portion, a level adjustment portion, a signal synthesizing portion, and an amplifier. The memory portion stores a first sound source data for generating a signal of a low frequency component, and a second sound source data for generating a signal of a high frequency component. The signal generation portion generates the signal of the low frequency component, and the signal of the high frequency component. The level adjustment portion adjusts a level of the signal of the low frequency component and the high frequency component.

Abstract: A vehicle approach alert device includes: a memory memorizing a warning sound source data for emitting a warning sound from an external sound emitting unit and a canceling sound source data for emitting a canceling sound from an internal sound emitting unit. The canceling sound cancels the warning sound transmitted from the external sound emitting unit to inside of the vehicle. The vehicle approach alert device further includes: a control part configured to read the warning sound source data from the memory to cause the external sound emitting unit to emit the warning sound based on the warning sound source data, and to read the canceling sound source data from the memory to cause the internal sound emitting unit to emit the canceling sound based on the canceling sound source data to be synchronized with the warning sound.

Abstract: A vehicle approach notification apparatus includes a first sounding signal generation portion that generates a first sounding signal based on a first sound source data; a second sounding signal generation portion that generates a second sounding signal based on a second sound source data; and a combination portion that combines the first sounding signal with the second sounding signal to generate a notice sound signal. The first sounding signal generation portion changes a frequency and an output level of the first sounding signal depending on a speed of the vehicle. The second sounding signal generation portion changes an output level of the second sounding signal depending on the speed of the vehicle while holding a frequency of the second sounding signal to be constant.

Abstract: A vehicle approach notification apparatus includes a first sounding signal generation portion that generates a first sounding signal based on a first sound source data; a second sounding signal generation portion that generates a second sounding signal based on a second sound source data; and a combination portion that combines the first sounding signal with the second sounding signal to generate a notice sound signal. The first sounding signal generation portion changes a frequency and an output level of the first sounding signal depending on a speed of the vehicle. The second sounding signal generation portion changes an output level of the second sounding signal depending on the speed of the vehicle while holding a frequency of the second sounding signal to be constant.

Abstract: A vehicle approach warning apparatus outputting a warning sound signal for outputting a warning sound, and generating the warning sound according to the warning sound signal from a speaker, and notifying a pedestrian around a vehicle that the vehicle approaches to the pedestrian is provided. The vehicle approach warning apparatus includes a memory portion, a signal generation portion, a level adjustment portion, a signal synthesizing portion, and an amplifier. The memory portion stores a first sound source data for generating a signal of a low frequency component, and a second sound source data for generating a signal of a high frequency component. The signal generation portion generates the signal of the low frequency component, and the signal of the high frequency component. The level adjustment portion adjusts a level of the signal of the low frequency component and the high frequency component.

Abstract: A first semiconductor chip includes a first inductor and a second inductor, and a second semiconductor chip includes a third inductor and a fourth inductor. The first inductor is connected to a first receiving circuit of the first semiconductor chip, and the second inductor is connected to a second transmitting circuit of the second semiconductor chip through a first bonding wire. The third inductor is connected to a second receiving circuit of the second semiconductor chip, and the fourth inductor is connected to a first transmitting circuit of the first semiconductor chip through a second bonding wire.

Abstract: A stator manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing a stator efficiently includes a base plate, a plurality of radially inward displacing jigs disposed radially in an annular pattern on the base plate and which are radially displaceable toward and away from each other, a plurality of core holding jigs disposed radially inward of the radially inward displacing jigs and which are radially displaceable toward and away from each other, a movable plate disposed vertically upward of the base plate and which is vertically movable toward and away from the base plate, a cam disposed on the movable plate for displacing the radially inward displacing jigs radially toward each other when the movable plate is lowered, and a spacer holding jig for holding spacers that are inserted between adjacent separate cores.

Abstract: A first semiconductor chip includes a first inductor and a second inductor, and a second semiconductor chip includes a third inductor and a fourth inductor. The first inductor is connected to a first receiving circuit of the first semiconductor chip, and the second inductor is connected to a second transmitting circuit of the second semiconductor chip through a first bonding wire. The third inductor is connected to a second receiving circuit of the second semiconductor chip, and the fourth inductor is connected to a first transmitting circuit of the first semiconductor chip through a second bonding wire.

Abstract: Hot water is pumped by a suction pump and introduced into a carbon dioxide (CO2) gas dissolver through solution flow rate adjusting means and then poured into a bath. The CO2 is introduced into the CO2 gas dissolver through gas flow rate adjusting means, and the quantity of bubbles in an artificial carbonated spring in a take-out pipe is measured. The solution and gas flow rate adjusting means are controlled via a control device using a relationship expression between a preliminarily set quantity of bubbles and carbon dioxide concentration to obtain a desired concentration of carbon dioxide gas in the carbonated spring. Since the carbon dioxide gas flow control means is provided between the carbon dioxide gas dissolver and a carbon dioxide gas supply source, a high concentration carbonated spring can always be manufactured, even if the pressure of supplied carbon dioxide gas changes or membrane permeation changes.

Abstract: An alternator is composed of a frame, a rotor rotatably supported in the frame, a stator contained in the frame outside the rotor and other associated components. A front end of the alternator is directly mounted on a mounting surface of an engine having a fairly large size, and a front end of a rotor shaft is directly connected to an engine shaft. The frame includes inlet windows for introducing cooling air into the alternator and outlet windows for exhausting the cooling air after cooling a stator coil and other components in the alternator. The inlet and outlet windows are positioned so that cool air is always introduced into the alternator, preventing hot air once exhausted from the alternator from staying between an engine bracket and the inlet windows and being sucked again into the alternator. Further, the outlet windows are positioned at a radial outside of a front coil end of a stator winding, so that the front coil end is fully exposed to the cooling air.

Abstract: A rectifier for an automotive alternator includes a heat sink that has a plurality of rectifying elements mounted thereto to dissipate heat generated by operation of the rectifying elements. The heat sink is configured to be connected with an electrical terminal through an engagement between a male threaded member, which has a male threaded portion and a head portion, and a female threaded member. The heat sink has a recessed portion to accommodate one of the head portion of the male threaded member and the female threaded member. The recessed portion is so shaped to keep the one of the head portion of the male threaded member and the female threaded member from rotating. The heat sink also has a through-bore that communicates with the recessed portion so as to allow the male threaded portion of the male threaded member to extend therethrough to engage with the female threaded member.

Abstract: A front frame for an alternator mounted on a motor bicycle has a cooling air outlet window formed at an outer peripheral side of a stator coil wound on a stator and a cooling air inlet window formed at a front side of the alternator, namely, at an engine block side along an axis direction separated from a cooling fan. An outlet section of a cooling air duct is placed at a position near the cooling air inlet window. This configuration of the cooling system enhances its cooling capability of forcedly blowing the cooling air to the inside of the alternator, and prevents adhesion and accumulation of mud and sand to the cooling air inlet window, splashed to the cooling air inlet window while the motor bicycle is driving on a mud road.

Abstract: Coils in respective poles are all wound in the same shape. The coils are wound such that one of the winding ends in a predetermined layers, for a single turn, is passes to an adjacent layer, or single turns at the winding ends in a predetermined layer are wound to different adjacent positions, whereby the cross-sectional shape of the coils is unsymmetrical. The coils are wound such that part of each coil crosses or contacts an intermediate line bisecting the angle formed between the axes of the coils.

Abstract: In a side-mount type vehicle alternator, the mounting faces of a larger stay and a smaller stay are arranged such that the fictive line, which runs through the center of a mounting hole on the mounting face of the larger stay and the center of the mounting hole on the mounting face of the smaller stay, is on the outside of an outermost surface of a front frame and a rear frame. Thus, the alternator is lifted up from an engine bracket and it is possible to make a large space. Hot air being exhausted from exhaust windows flows smoothly to the outside of the space.