Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide an artificial ground freezing method having good coolant thermal efficiency without a gas-phase coolant being released into the ground or into the air.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide an artificial ground freezing method having good coolant thermal efficiency without a gas-phase coolant being released into the ground or into the air.

Abstract: Provided is an air conditioner for a vehicle which can prevent the controls over cooling cycle and heating cycle from interfering with each other and thereby prevent hunting between the cooling and heating cycles even when a compressor is operated to perform the heating cycle in an overlapping temperature range where air cooling and air heating are both required. An air conditioner (4) for a vehicle includes a refrigerant circulation circuit (9b) for air heating to circulate a refrigerant, and a control unit (29) to selectively perform a normal air conditioning mode in which a normal cooling operation is feasible by circulating the refrigerant through a refrigerant circulation circuit (9a) for air cooling and an auxiliary heating mode in which an auxiliary heating operation is performed by circulating the refrigerant through the refrigerant circulating circuit (9b) for air heating.

Abstract: An air conditioning apparatus for a vehicle is provided with an air conditioning unit including a heat exchanger, a fan for sending air to the air conditioning unit, a duct for introducing the air passed through the air conditioning unit into the vehicle, and an electrified fine particulate water generating device. The electrified fine particulate water generation device includes an electrified fine particulate water generation part for generating electrified fine particulate water. The electrified fine particle water generation part is disposed on the duct.

Abstract: A pre-riding air conditioning method in which if an intention of a passenger to ride in a vehicle is detected, an inside air fan (3) is operated to stir air in a passenger room, and an air conditioner comprising the inside air fan (3) which can stir air in the passenger room, and a control (21) which operates the inside air fan (3) when the intention of a passenger to ride in the vehicle is detected.

Abstract: A cellular phone has a black-and-white LCD that displays characters and communication information and a color LCD that displays an image. The image and the characters are displayed on the separate LCDs. Thus, the characters are not superimposed on the image, and they are easy to see. When the image is not needed (the user is not using the phone or the user is talking on the phone), only the black-and-white LCD displays the characters and the color LCD is turned off to save energy.

Abstract: A solid polymer electrolyte includes a polymer having a sulfonic group and shows high proton conductivity in a wide range of temperatures and humidities and is excellent in hot water resistance and chemical stability. A proton conductive membrane is composed of the electrolyte. The polymer electrolyte includes a polymer having a structural unit represented by the following formula (1a) or (1b): wherein A is a divalent electron-withdrawing group, B is a divalent electron-donating group or a direct bond, Ar is an aromatic group, Z is an oxygen or a sulfur atom, X is a hydrogen or a fluorine atom, j is an integer of 1 or greater, k is an integer of from 1 to 4, l is an integer of from 0 to 10, m is an integer of from 1 to 10, and n is an integer of from 1 to 8.

Abstract: A vehicle air conditioner comprising: an intake box provided in an inside of an instrument panel at a front part of a passenger compartment of a vehicle and having a recirculation intake, a fresh-air intake, and an intake door for opening/closing the intakes; a fan unit provided in the inside of the instrument panel and connected to the downstream of the intake box; a temperature control unit provided in the inside of the instrument panel and connected to the downstream of the fan unit and incorporating a cooling heat exchanger, a blow duct provided in the inside of the instrument panel and connecting the temperature control unit and the passenger compartment such that air flows from the temperature control unit to the passenger compartment via the blow duct; a communicating port formed at the blow duct or the temperate control unit and communicating with the inside of the instrument panel; and a door configured to open/close the communicating port.

Abstract: A cellular phone is connected to a portable printer which uses an instant print film through connectors, and the printer prints an image according to image data stored in the cellular phone. The cellular phone can display the image to be printed on its LCD. The user can input information for the printing with push buttons of the cellular phone, and display the information on the LCD. Thus, the portable printer does not need an LCD and push buttons, and therefore the printer is small, light and inexpensive.

Abstract: Disclosed are a polymer electrolyte having improved hot water resistance and radical resistance, a proton conductive membrane comprising the polymer electrolyte, and a membrane-electrode assembly including the proton conductive membrane. The polymer electrolyte comprises at least one polymer selected from polyether, polyketone, polyetherketone, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyimide, polyetherimide, polybenzimidazole, polybenzothiazole, polybenzoxazole and the like. The polymer comprises a repeating structural unit with either or both of an aromatic ring and a heterocyclic ring, and a repeating structural unit represented by the formula (1): wherein X is a single bond, an electron-withdrawing group or an electron-donating group; R is a single bond, —(CH2)q— or —(CF2)q— where q ranges from 1 to 10; m is from 0 to 10; k is from 0 to 5; l is from 0 to 4; and k+1?1.

Abstract: Described herein is a production method of sulfonated polyarylene that is safe and enables easy control of the amount and position of sulfonic groups introduced in the polymer. The sulfonated polyarylene is also disclosed. The invention further provides a polyarylene and an aromatic sulfonate derivative that are suitably employed in the above production method. Also provided are a macromolecular solid electrolyte that comprises the sulfonated polyarylene, and a proton conductive membrane. The aromatic sulfonate derivative has the following formula (1): wherein X is a halogen atom other than fluorine, a —OSO3CH3 group or a —OSO3CF3 group; Y is a divalent organic group; A is —(CH2)m— or —(CF2)m— (wherein m is an integer of 1 to 10); and R is a C4-20 hydrocarbon group. The production method of sulfonated polyarylene comprises coupling polymerization of an aromatic compound that includes at least the aromatic sulfonate derivative of the formula (1) and hydrolysis of the resultant polyarylene.

Abstract: The present invention provides a membrane-electrode assembly for fuel cell which comprises a solid polymer electrolyte membrane comprising a specific polyarylene having a sulfonic acid group and has excellent creep resistance, power generation performance and durability against power generation under high-temperature environment.

Abstract: A cellular phone has a black-and-white LCD that displays characters and communication information and a color LCD that displays an image. The image and the characters are displayed on the separate LCDs. Thus, the characters are not superimposed on the image, and they are easy to see. When the image is not needed (the user is not using the phone or the user is talking on the phone), only the black-and-white LCD displays the characters and the color LCD is turned off to save energy.

Abstract: The invention provides a proton conductive membrane excellent in heat resistance, which has sulfonic acid as ion exchange groups. The proton conductive membrane comprises a nitrogen-containing compound that can be mixed with water in arbitrary proportions and has a boiling point of not lower than 100. degree. C. and a proton conductive resin which has sulfonic acid ion-exchange groups, wherein the nitrogen-containing compound is contained in an amount of 0.5 to 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the proton conductive resin.

Abstract: A solid polymer electrolyte includes a polymer having a sulfonic group and shows high proton conductivity in a wide range of temperatures and humidities and is excellent in hot water resistance and chemical stability. A proton conductive membrane is composed of the electrolyte. The polymer electrolyte includes a polymer having a structural unit represented by the following formula (1a) or (1b): wherein A is a divalent electron-withdrawing group, B is a divalent electron-donating group or a direct bond, Ar is an aromatic group, Z is an oxygen or a sulfur atom, X is a hydrogen or a fluorine atom, j is an integer of 1 or greater, k is an integer of from 1 to 4, l is an integer of from 0 to 10, m is an integer of from 1 to 10, and n is an integer of from 1 to 8.

Abstract: The present invention has an object to enhance the reliability of the electrical connection of a silver-based conductor film on the surface of a glass ceramic board. In order to achieve the object, according to the present invention, by the use of a conductor paste containing a silver particle having a specific surface area of 0.3 m2/g to 3.0 m2/g and no glass, printing is carried out on a glass ceramic board and the conductor paste is fired at a firing temperature having a difference of ±50° C. from a softening temperature of amorphous borosilicate glass contained in the glass ceramic. Consequently, a silver-based conductor film having high reliability of the electrical connection is formed on the ceramic board.

Abstract: A cellular phone has a black-and-white LCD that displays characters and communication information and a color LCD that displays an image. The image and the characters are displayed on the separate LCDs. Thus, the characters are not superimposed on the image, and they are easy to see. When the image is not needed (the user is not using the phone or the user is talking on the phone), only the black-and-white LCD displays the characters and the color LCD is turned off to save energy.

Abstract: Disclosed are a polymer electrolyte having improved hot water resistance and radical resistance, a proton conductive membrane comprising the polymer electrolyte, and a membrane-electrode assembly including the proton conductive membrane.

Abstract: The invention provides a proton conductive membrane excellent in heat resistance, which has sulfonic acid as ion exchange groups.

Abstract: Described herein is a production method of sulfonated polyarylene that is safe and enables easy control of the amount and position of sulfonic groups introduced in the polymer. The sulfonated polyarylene is also disclosed. The invention further provides a polyarylene and an aromatic sulfonate derivative that are suitably employed in the above production method. Also provided are a macromolecular solid electrolyte that comprises the sulfonated polyarylene, and a proton conductive membrane.