Abstract: A combustor which can be manufactured without requiring large-scale equipment and with a small number of processes and has a cooling fluid flow path sealed with high reliability. The combustor includes an inner cylinder made of metal constituting a combustion chamber, a cooling fluid flow path formed on an outer surface of the inner cylinder, and a sealing layer covering the outer surface of the inner cylinder to seal the cooling fluid flow path. The sealing layer is constituted by a bonded body of metal wires wound around the outer surface of the inner cylinder and metallurgically bonded to each other, and the sealing layer is bonded to the outer surface of the inner cylinder by metallurgical bonding.

Abstract: A method for producing a metal cylinder includes preparing a metal slug having a surface adjusted so that the crystal grain diameter at a depth of 10 ?m from the surface is smaller than that at a depth of 100 ?m from the surface, and the crystal grain diameter at a depth of 10 ?m from the surface is 30 ?m or more and 120 ?m or less; and forming a cylinder by impact pressing of the metal slug having the surface as a bottom.

Abstract: A method for producing a metal cylinder includes preparing a metal slug having a surface adjusted so that the crystal grain diameter at a depth of 10 ?m from the surface is smaller than that at a depth of 100 ?m from the surface, and the crystal grain diameter at a depth of 10 ?m from the surface is 30 ?m or more and 120 ?m or less; and forming a cylinder by impact pressing of the metal slug having the surface as a bottom.

Abstract: A method for producing a metal cylinder includes preparing a metal slug having a surface adjusted so that the crystal grain diameter at a depth of 10 ?m from the surface is smaller than that at a depth of 100 ?m from the surface, and the crystal grain diameter at a depth of 10 ?m from the surface is 30 ?m or more and 120 ?m or less; and forming a cylinder by impact pressing of the metal slug having the surface as a bottom.

Abstract: A metallic ingot for impact pressing includes a contact surface of the metallic ingot to contact a male mold in impact pressing having a maximum height roughness Rz of 20 ?m to 50 ?m and an average length of a roughness curve element RSm of 150 ?m to 400 ?m, the male mold being to be used in combination with a female mold in the impact pressing.

Abstract: A metallic ingot for impact pressing includes a contact surface of the metallic ingot to contact a male mold in impact pressing having a maximum height roughness Rz of 20 ?m to 50 ?m and an average length of a roughness curve element RSm of 150 ?m to 400 ?m, the male mold being to be used in combination with a female mold in the impact pressing.

Abstract: A metallic ingot for impact pressing includes a contact surface of the metallic ingot to contact a male mold in impact pressing having a maximum height roughness Rz of 20 ?m to 50 ?m and an average length of a roughness curve element RSm of 150 ?m to 400 ?m, the male mold being to be used in combination with a female mold in the impact pressing.

Abstract: A metallic ingot for impact pressing includes a contact surface of the metallic ingot to contact a male mold in impact pressing having a maximum height roughness Rz of 20 ?m to 50 ?m and an average length of a roughness curve element RSm of 150 ?m to 400 ?m, the male mold being to be used in combination with a female mold in the impact pressing.

Abstract: A conductive support for an electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a cylindrical member containing aluminum, wherein the cylindrical member has an arithmetic mean roughness Ra of 1.3 ?m or less, a maximum height of roughness profile Rz of 5.0 ?m or less, and a mean width of roughness profile elements RSm in an axial direction of 80 ?m to 400 ?m.

Abstract: A conductive support for an electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a cylindrical member containing aluminum, wherein the cylindrical member has an arithmetic mean roughness Ra of 1.3 ?m or less, a maximum height of roughness profile Rz of 5.0 ?m or less, and a mean width of roughness profile elements RSm in an axial direction of 80 ?m to 400 ?m.

Abstract: A method for producing a metal cylinder includes preparing a metal slug having a surface adjusted so that the crystal grain diameter at a depth of 10 ?m from the surface is smaller than that at a depth of 100 ?m from the surface, and the crystal grain diameter at a depth of 10 ?m from the surface is 30 ?m or more and 120 ?m or less; and forming a cylinder by impact pressing of the metal slug having the surface as a bottom.

Abstract: A cylindrical support for an electrophotographic photoreceptor includes an aluminum alloy including Si: 0.4% by weight to 0.8% by weight, Fe: 0.7% by weight or less, Cu: 0.15% by weight to 0.4% by weight, Mn: 0.15% by weight or less, Mg: 0.8% by weight to 1.2% by weight, Cr: 0.04% by weight to 0.35% by weight, Zn: 0.25% by weight or less, Ti: 0.15% by weight or less, and a balance: aluminum and impurities, wherein an average area of crystal grains of the aluminum alloy is from 3.0 ?m2 to 100 ?m2.

Abstract: A method for producing a metal cylinder includes preparing a metal slug having a polished surface, and molding the metal slug into a cylinder by impact-pressing with the polished surface as a bottom.

Abstract: A heating device includes a belt member that is rotated, plural heating elements that are arranged in a width direction of the belt member and generate heat so as to heat the belt member, plural resistance elements that have positive temperature coefficients and are connected to the plural heating elements such that each of the plural resistance elements is connected in series with a corresponding one of the plural heating elements, and a base material that includes a heat-conductive metal layer and a pair of heat-resistant metal layers between which the heat-conductive metal layer is interposed and has a surface on which the plural heating elements and the plural resistance elements are disposed. A temperature of the belt member is reduced by an increase in resistances of the plural resistance elements caused by an increase in temperatures of the plural resistance elements.

Abstract: A heating device includes a belt member that is rotated, plural heating elements that are arranged in a width direction of the belt member and generate heat so as to heat the belt member, plural resistance elements that have positive temperature coefficients and are connected to the plural heating elements such that each of the plural resistance elements is connected in series with a corresponding one of the plural heating elements, and a base material that includes a heat-conductive metal layer and a pair of heat-resistant metal layers between which the heat-conductive metal layer is interposed and has a surface on which the plural heating elements and the plural resistance elements are disposed. A temperature of the belt member is reduced by an increase in resistances of the plural resistance elements caused by an increase in temperatures of the plural resistance elements.

Abstract: A cylindrical support for an electrophotographic photoreceptor includes an aluminum alloy including Si: 0.4% by weight to 0.8% by weight, Fe: 0.7% by weight or less, Cu: 0.15% by weight to 0.4% by weight, Mn: 0.15% by weight or less, Mg: 0.8% by weight to 1.2% by weight, Cr: 0.04% by weight to 0.35% by weight, Zn: 0.25% by weight or less, Ti: 0.15% by weight or less, and a balance: aluminum and impurities, wherein an average area of crystal grains of the aluminum alloy is from 3.0 ?m2 to 100 ?m2.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a sheet heating element includes preparing a sheet member containing a metal or alloy, and performing anodic oxidizing treatment on the sheet member until only a surface layer of the sheet member is oxidized while a center portion thereof is not oxidized.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a sheet heating element includes preparing a sheet member containing a metal or alloy, and performing anodic oxidizing treatment on the sheet member until only a surface layer of the sheet member is oxidized while a center portion thereof is not oxidized.

Abstract: The endless belt is provided with: a metal layer that includes at least one layer, that is cylindrically formed, and that has not more than 10 degrees as a half width of a diffraction peak in X-ray diffraction; and a release layer that is stacked on the metal layer.

Abstract: The invention provides an image fixing device containing a tubular formed first rotating body rotatable in a circumferential direction, a second rotating body that is arranged so that an outer circumferential surface of the second rotating body is in contact with an outer circumferential surface of the first rotating body, a heating unit that heats the first rotating body; and a heating auxiliary member that is arranged to be in contact with an inner circumferential surface of the first rotating body, at least a surface of the heating auxiliary member that is in contact with the inner circumferential surface of the first rotating body being made of a porous metal.