Abstract: A gas sensor system includes a first pipe through which a specimen atmosphere is conveyed; a second pipe through which humidified air is conveyed, the humidified air being hotter and more humid than the specimen atmosphere, the humidified air having a lower water vapor pressure than a saturation water vapor pressure; a mixing device mixing the specimen atmosphere and the humidified air so that a water vapor pressure of mixed air of the specimen atmosphere and the humidified air is less than a saturation water vapor pressure; a third pipe connected with the mixing device; a cooling device cooling the mixed air conveyed through the third pipe so that the water vapor pressure of the mixed air becomes the saturation water vapor pressure; and a chemical sensor device including a sensor surface to which the mixed air cooled by the cooling device is supplied.

Abstract: An electronic control device includes: a microcomputer; a wake-up circuit; and a relay switch self-retaining a power relay, and the wake-up circuit operates the relay switch in response to a wake-up signal from an OTA electronic control device, and starts power supply to the microcomputer to cause starting-up. During shutdown processing for the microcomputer, the microcomputer outputs a stop command to the relay switch before outputting a stop command to the wake-up circuit, whereby an output terminal (INH terminal) of the wake-up circuit is diagnosed for fixation based on an output signal from the wake-up circuit.

Abstract: A wiring substrate is provided with a wiring pattern including a pad and a circuit pattern. The pad is formed in a mounting region where an electronic component is mounted, and the circuit pattern extends in a planar direction from the pad. An insulation layer covers a lower surface of the wiring pattern and a side surface of the wiring pattern and partially exposes an upper surface of the wiring pattern. The insulation layer includes a covering portion that continuously covers an entire peripheral portion of the upper surface of the wiring pattern. The insulation layer includes an upper surface located upward from the upper surface of the wiring pattern.

Abstract: A wiring substrate is provided with a wiring pattern including a pad and a circuit pattern. The pad is formed in a mounting region where an electronic component is mounted, and the circuit pattern extends in a planar direction from the pad. An insulation layer covers a lower surface of the wiring pattern and a side surface of the wiring pattern and partially exposes an upper surface of the wiring pattern. The insulation layer includes a covering portion that continuously covers an entire peripheral portion of the upper surface of the wiring pattern. The insulation layer includes an upper surface located upward from the upper surface of the wiring pattern.

Abstract: Provide is an etching completion detection method that accurately detects an etching completion position in an SOI substrate, regardless of the width of an opening. This etching completion detection method is a method for detecting etching completion when a silicon layer is being etched to form an opening that reaches an insulating layer in an SOI substrate in which the silicon layer is disposed on the insulating layer, the method including: forming a first electrode layer on a surface of an islet region that is surrounded by a loop-shaped opening to be formed by the etching, and a second electrode layer in a region outside the stripe region; measuring an electrical resistance between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer; and determining that the loop-shaped opening has reached an etching completion position when the electrical resistance exceeds a preset threshold.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a microlens comprising the steps of: (a) applying a resist for an excimer laser, an ultraviolet exposure or an electron beam onto a surface, and carrying out an exposure with a light in an ultraviolet region or an electron beam and a development, so as to form a patterned resist; (b) heat treating the resist patterned at the step (a) to give a shape of a microlens; and (c) implanting an ion in a plurality of directions into at least a surface portion of the resist to which the shape of the microlens is given at the step (b), to obtain a microlens having a heat resistance.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a microlens comprising the steps of: (a) applying a resist for an excimer laser, an ultraviolet exposure or an electron beam onto a surface, and carrying out an exposure with a light in an ultraviolet region or an electron beam and a development, so as to form a patterned resist; (b) heat treating the resist patterned at the step (a) to give a shape of a microlens; and (c) implanting an ion in a plurality of directions into at least a surface portion of the resist to which the shape of the microlens is given at the step (b), to obtain a microlens having a heat resistance.

Abstract: A data communication system carries out transmission and reception of periodic data between a plurality of computers, and especially an improved data communication system which aims at more effective utilization of a system bus in each computer and which also aims at more effective utilization of a data transmission channel transmitting periodic data, so that the load imposed on the system bus during transfer of periodic data in each computer can be minimized, and the rate of occupation of the data transmission channel during transmission and reception of periodic data can also be minimized.

Abstract: A network system includes a transmission line including a plurality of transmission channels, a plurality of transmission equipment connected to the transmission line to effect the transmission and reception of information between each other, and a plurality of devices connected to each of the transmission equipment, thereby effecting the transmission of information between the devices connected to the plurality of transmission equipment.

Abstract: A looped data transmission system has a pair of looped transmission lines forming two transmission systems having different transmission directions, and a plurality of stations including at least one control station connected to said transmission lines of the two transmission systems. If a fault occurs in the two transmission lines of the two transmission systems in the same section, a loopback configuration is established such that stations adjacent to the faulty section send signals from one system back to the other system. With the loopback configuration being established, the stations which have received supervisory signals sent from a loopback end station send them back to the transmission line of the other system. When one of the loopback end stations has received a supervisory signal from the direction of the faulty section, it is judged that a portion of the faulty section is recovered, and the result of the judgement is communicated to the control station.

Abstract: A loop type data highway system in which a plurality of data transmission control stations (abbreviated herein as stations) are connected in cascade to a loop transmission line. Each of the stations responds to a polling frame inquiring of request for reservation of the transmission line. The polling frame is composed of a first field for inquiring of the line reservation request and a second field indicative of whether the line is reserved or not. Each station receives signals inputted from the upstream side along the line and sequentially repeats them to the downstream side along the line without delay. In the station having the line reservation requests, a pattern representative of the line reservation is written in the second field after reception of the first field and sends out the polling frame to the downstream. When the second field as received indicates the non-reserved state of the transmission line, transmission of data is initiated in succession to the second field.