Abstract: A power module substrate having a heatsink, includes: a power module substrate having an insulating substrate having a first face and a second face, a circuit layer formed on the first face, and a metal layer formed on the second face; and a heatsink directly connected to the metal layer, cooling the power module substrate, wherein a ratio B/A is in the range defined by 1.55?B/A?20, where a thickness of the circuit layer is represented as A, and a thickness of the metal layer is represented as B.

Abstract: Disclosed is a ceramic substrate including silicon in which the concentration of a silicon oxide and a silicon composite oxide in the surface thereof is less than or equal to 2.7 Atom %.

Abstract: A constructional board has a coat formed on the surface, and is characterized in that carbodihydrazide are included on the surface of the coat and a coat layer containing colloidal silica as a main component is formed.

Abstract: A power element mounting substrate including a circuit layer brazed to a surface of a ceramic plate, and a power element soldered to a front surface of the circuit layer, wherein the circuit layer is constituted using an Al alloy with an average purity of more than or equal to 98.0 wt % and less than or equal to 99.9 wt %, Fe concentration of the circuit layer at a side of a surface to be brazed to the ceramic plate is less than 0.1 wt %, and Fe concentration of the circuit layer at a side of the surface opposite to the surface to be brazed is more than or equal to 0.1 wt %.

Abstract: The present invention provides a projected corner column A1 used for an external corner part of a wall of a building, in which a narrow chamfered part 8 is formed on an apex corner 3 of the projected corner column A1, the narrow chamfered part 8 has a continuous curved surfaces 8a, 8b rather than a flat surface so that, when the projected corner column A1 is exposed to a daytime sunlight, light parts and shade parts similar to light parts S and shade parts D that generate on surface patterned parts of a board piece 1a generate on the chamfered part 8, whereby the chamfered part 8 on the apex corner 3 of the projected corner column A1 becomes less visible as far as possible, and shades similar to the shades (S, D) that generate on the surface patterned parts generate on the chamfered part 8 to give a continuity to the patterns on the left and right board pieces 1a, 1a.

Abstract: A constructional board has a coat formed on the surface, and is characterized in that carbodihydrazide are included on the surface of the coat and a coat layer containing colloidal silica as a main component is formed,

Abstract: The instantaneous centers of rotation of the front and the rear suspensions of a vehicle are defined by an intersection of lines drawn parallel to the axes of the inboard ends of the respective upper and lower links and passing through the ball joints provided at the outboard ends of the respective upper and lower links. The instantaneous centers of rotation of the front and the rear suspensions are located at approximately the same height and distance on either side of the center of gravity of the vehicle.

Abstract: A control system for an aerodynamic equipment of an automotive vehicle, which is effective to prove higher cornering stability of the vehicle.

Abstract: A bell crank is pivotally mounted on a suspension link. One end of the bell crank is connected with an essentially horizontal shock absorber while the other is connected with a pull rod. As the road wheel undergoes vertical displacement the bell crank rotates while also undergoing vertical displacement along with the link it is mounted on. The lever ratio established between the shock absorber and the link thus changes.

Abstract: A suspension system of a dirigible wheel for motor vehicles induces a positive tread change upon steering the vehicle. Upper suspension members have axle side mounting portions mounted on a wheel carrier with an axle on which a dirigible wheel is rotatably supported. The axle side mounting portions are disposed on opposite sides of the center of the wheel and a middle portion which is substantially equidistant from the side mounting portions is displaced from the center of the dirigible wheel in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body.

Abstract: A vehicle has rear wheels each equipped with a rear tire having a tire characteristic which is different from that of front wheels, and which is suitable for one cornering condition, for example, a condition in which a lateral acceleation is high, and a steering system which steers the rear wheels so as to remedy the deficiency of the tires of the rear wheels in another cornering conditions.

Abstract: A double wishbone rear suspension comprises upper and lower control arms of the A-shaped frame type. The pivot ends of the lower control arm pivot about axes which are coaxial and constitute part of a straight line (L.sub.1). The straight line (L.sub.1) extends forwardly and laterally outwardly and at the same time forwardly and upwardly with respect to the vehicle body. The pivot ends of the upper control arm pivot about axes which are coaxial and constitute part of a straight line (L.sub.3). The straight line (L.sub.3) is parallel with a longitudinal axis of a vehicle body and located on a horizontal plane. The oscillatory ends of the upper and lower control arms are connected via first and second ball joints to an axle housing. The first ball joint is located rearward of the second ball joint and adjacent and adjacently inward of an upper end portion of a tire of a rear wheel.

Abstract: A lower arm and upper links of a double wishbone type suspension are arranged so that the resulting king pin axis about which a road wheel is pivotal, intersects the wheel rotational axis at or close to the wheel center so as to selectively minimize, neutralize or reverse the toe-out effect produced by a force which acts through the wheel center in the aft direction of the vehicle. The lateral rod which controls the orientation of the road wheel is arranged at a predetermined angle to control the amount of toe-in induced by the application of the above mentioned force and a force which acts laterally inboard along the wheel rotational axis.