Abstract: A variable spectroscopic element in which a placed position of first sensor and a placed position of the third sensor are symmetrical and a placed position of second sensor and a placed position of fourth sensor are symmetrical with respect to a line connecting the centers of mass of the surfaces of a pair of optical substrates opposite to each other respectively and first to fourth actuators are arranged includes a control unit which calculates a distance between the centers of mass, a first angle that is made between the moved optical substrate and the other optical substrate and a second angle that is made between the other optical substrate and the moved optical substrate, with signals from the first to fourth sensors, and drives the first to fourth actuators on the basis of the distance between the centers of mass, the first angle, and the second angle.

Abstract: The variable spectroscopic element includes a pair of optical substrates 21-22, four sensors 31-34, four piezoelectric elements 41-44, and a control section. The sensors 31, 33 are arranged to form symmetry with respect to the center axis, which links gravity centers of mutually facing surfaces of the optical substrates 21-22, and so are the sensors 32, 34. The control section calculates, from signals of the sensors 3134, a distance x between the gravity centers of the mutually facing surfaces, and angles ?, ? each of which is formed by a plane perpendicular to the center axis and the facing surface of the movable substrate 22, to drive the piezoelectric elements 41-44 on the basis of the distance x, the angles ?, ?, and to carry out feedback control and feed forward control with respect to at least one of the distance x, the angle ?, and the angle ?.

Abstract: A biological observation apparatus is configured as follows. Namely, the biological observation apparatus includes a marker attached to a living body in order to detect the vibration of the living body, a high-sensitivity camera which forms an observation image of the living body, a high-speed camera which forms an image of light from the marker, and an optical system including a first BA which prevents the light from the marker from entering the high-sensitivity camera.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to solve the problem of a drop in precision in conventional systems using a square pyramid type five-hole probe due to the drop in atmospheric pressure in high altitude ranges, and to provide a wide velocity range flight velocity vector measurement system that can prevent a drop in measurement precision. Furthermore, it is also an object of the present invention to provide a method for eliminating the effects of detection fluctuations caused by adhering water droplets, ice particles or dust in a wide velocity range flight velocity vector measurement system.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to solve the problem of a drop in precision in conventional systems using a square pyramid type five-hole probe due to the drop in atmospheric pressure in high altitude ranges, and to provide a wide velocity range flight velocity vector measurement system that can prevent a drop in measurement precision. Furthermore, it is also an object of the present invention to provide a method for eliminating the effects of detection fluctuations caused by adhering water droplets, ice particles or dust in a wide velocity range flight velocity vector measurement system.

Abstract: An optical apparatus has a look-up table provided with control information for controlling an optimum variable optical-property optical element in accordance with a distance to an object, a zoom state, or a combination of the distance to the object with the zoom state. A drive of the variable optical-property optical element is controlled on the control information obtained from the look-up table or a predetermined calculation process is executed on the control information obtained from the look-up table, and information obtained from the calculation process is used to control the drive of the variable optical-property optical element.

Abstract: An optical apparatus has a look-up table provided with control information for controlling an optimum variable optical-property optical element in accordance with a distance to an object, a zoom state, or a combination of the distance to the object with the zoom state. A drive of the variable optical-property optical element is controlled on the control information obtained from the look-up table or a predetermined calculation process is executed on the control information obtained from the look-up table, and information obtained from the calculation process is used to control the drive of the variable optical-property optical element.

Abstract: An optical apparatus has a look-up table provided with control information for controlling an optimum variable optical-property optical element in accordance with a distance to an object, a zoom state, or a combination of the distance to the object with the zoom state. A drive of the variable optical-property optical element is controlled on the control information obtained from the look-up table or a predetermined calculation process is executed on the control information obtained from the look-up table, and information obtained from the calculation process is used to control the drive of the variable optical-property optical element.

Abstract: An optical apparatus has a look-up table provided with control information for controlling an optimum variable optical-property optical element in accordance with a distance to an object, a zoom state, or a combination of the distance to the object with the zoom state. A drive of the variable optical-property optical element is controlled on the control information obtained from the look-up table or a predetermined calculation process is executed on the control information obtained from the look-up table, and information obtained from the calculation process is used to control the drive of the variable optical-property optical element.