Abstract: In an RFID system including RFID tags each incorporating a sensor, accuracy of measurement by the sensor can be improved. For example, when measurements are performed several times by using RFID tags each incorporating a sensor unit, generation of a carrier directed from an RFID reader/writer to the RFID tags is stopped for a predetermined period every time when a measurement ends. By this means, the chip temperature of the RFID tag increased due to power consumption in each measurement can be reduced to, for example, ambient temperature every time when a measurement ends. Therefore, an error in measurement by the sensor unit can be reduced, thereby achieving accurate measurement.

Abstract: In an RFID system including RFID tags each incorporating a sensor, accuracy of measurement by the sensor can be improved. For example, when measurements are performed several times by using RFID tags each incorporating a sensor unit, generation of a carrier directed from an RFID reader/writer to the RFID tags is stopped for a predetermined period every time when a measurement ends. By this means, the chip temperature of the RFID tag increased due to power consumption in each measurement can be reduced to, for example, ambient temperature every time when a measurement ends. Therefore, an error in measurement by the sensor unit can be reduced, thereby achieving accurate measurement.

Abstract: A measuring system enabled to simultaneously start measurement by a plurality of transponders by communication between a reader/writer and a plurality of transponders each with a built-in sensor is to be provided. In addition to an identifier SID intrinsic to a sensor and a chip identifier TID intrinsic to a transponder chip, a unique identifier UID combining the sensor SID and the chip TID is provided in each transponder. A reader/writer, in designating a transponder and transmitting a measurement command to it, invalidates the chip TID out of the UID of each transponder, validates only information regarding a sensor function, and transmits measurement commands including action commands unique to each type of sensor.

Abstract: Provided is a portable information device having an RFID, the device being a device in which no effect is produced on original communication of the portable information device for which an EMC measure is taken, the device having good productivity, and the device keeping communication distance without damaging portability. A place where an antenna is set is located on the side of a battery cover of a battery receiving section to make the communication distance of an incorporated RFID long. A circuit configuration wherein a condenser for resonance is connected to both ends of the antenna coil and an IC is connected to an intermediate tap of the antenna coil is made so as to make it unnecessary that the resonance frequency of the RFID is individually adjusted and make the production of the RFID easy.

Abstract: A measuring system enabled to simultaneously start measurement by a plurality of transponders by communication between a reader/writer and a plurality of transponders each with a built-in sensor is to be provided. In addition to an identifier SID intrinsic to a sensor and a chip identifier TID intrinsic to a transponder chip, a unique identifier UID combining the sensor SID and the chip TID is provided in each transponder. A reader/writer, in designating a transponder and transmitting a measurement command to it, invalidates the chip TID out of the UID of each transponder, validates only information regarding a sensor function, and transmits measurement commands including action commands unique to each type of sensor.

Abstract: A non-volatile semiconductor memory EEPROM is usually deteriorated depending on the number of times of program and erase operations and application years thereof. A read operation rate of the EEPROM is generally specified to the operation rate considering deterioration of memory and even in the case where the number of times of program and erase operations is rather small and application years are also rather small, the read operation has been conducted at the read operation rate specified considering deterioration of memory. Moreover, when deterioration of memory is advanced exceeding the specified deterioration, the read operation is now disabled in the worst case. In order to overcome such problem, the reference memories are allocated for every erase and program unit block in the EEPROM memory array, the reference memories are also programmed and erased whenever the memories in the block are erased and programmed and the read timing of memory is generated from the read timing of these reference memories.

Abstract: An RFID which provides a wide working voltage range and general versatility at low cost, without the need for changing its internal circuit design due to external factors. In the RFID, there is provided an arrangement that a low impedance state is given when its internal data communication circuit is in a reset state.

Abstract: For obtaining an IC card low in both power consumption and manufacturing cost, operating conditions in case of going through a contact point, which conditions are associated with supply voltage and signal level in an internal circuit, are to lie within operating conditions in case of going through an antenna. To this end, an IC chip of the IC card is provided with a voltage conversion circuit for lowering a supply voltage supplied through the contact point and a level conversion circuit for lowering the level of a signal fed from the contact point to the internal circuit and raising the level of a signal fed from the internal circuit to the contact point.

Abstract: In an RFID (contactless identification) having a resonant circuit, the resonant frequency is directly affected by variations in the input capacitance of an IC chip due to certain manufacturing factors, causing a direct influence on a power reception efficiency and a communication distance. Thus, an RFID is provided for eliminating a step of correcting such variations, reducing the manufacturing cost, and efficiently receiving the power. An IC chip is connected to an intermediate tap of an antenna coil in series through a capacitor. Alternatively, the capacitor is replaced with two capacitors, through one of which the IC chip is connected to the intermediate tap of the antenna coil.

Abstract: A communication system is provided which enhances communication stability, using chips on which function blocks are formed including sensor, chip ID, and radio transmission/reception functions. The sensor detects biological and chemical materials and physical and stoichiometric quantities such as temperature, pressure, and pH and the sensed results are transmitted to a reader by a radio frequency (RF) function. The chip with the sensor functions at a resonance frequency which is detected by the reader initially during a frequency sweep. No dedicated power source is essential to operate the chips, but instead the chips are triggered into transmitting by the radio frequency signals transmitted from the reader. The frequency and output of transmission from the reader to the chips are variable. Stable communication can be performed without being affected by variation in the chips characteristics depending on manufacturing quality.

Abstract: Provided is a portable information device having an RFID, the device being a device in which no effect is produced on original communication of the portable information device for which an EMC measure is taken, the device having good productivity, and the device keeping communication distance without damaging portability. A place where an antenna is set is located on the side of a battery cover of a battery receiving section to make the communication distance of an incorporated RFID long. A circuit configuration wherein a condenser for resonance is connected to both ends of the antenna coil and an IC is connected to an intermediate tap of the antenna coil is made so as to make it unnecessary that the resonance frequency of the RFID is individually adjusted and make the production of the RFID easy.

Abstract: For obtaining an IC card low in both power consumption and manufacturing cost, operating conditions in case of going through a contact point, which conditions are associated with supply voltage and signal level in an internal circuit, are to lie within operating conditions in case of going through an antenna. To this end, an IC chip of the IC card is provided with a voltage conversion circuit for lowering a supply voltage supplied through the contact point and a level conversion circuit for lowering the level of a signal fed from the contact point to the internal circuit and raising the level of a signal fed from the internal circuit to the contact point.

Abstract: A non-volatile semiconductor memory EEPROM is usually deteriorated depending on the number of times of program and erase operations and application years thereof. A read operation rate of the EEPROM is generally specified to the operation rate considering deterioration of memory and even in the case where the number of times of program and erase operations is rather small and application years are also rather small, the read operation has been conducted at the read operation rate specified considering deterioration of memory. Moreover, when deterioration of memory is advanced exceeding the specified deterioration, the read operation is now disabled in the worst case. In order to overcome such problem, the reference memories are allocated for every erase and program unit block in the EEPROM memory array, the reference memories are also programmed and erased whenever the memories in the block are erased and programmed and the read timing of memory is generated from the read timing of these reference memories.

Abstract: When two bits are stored per memory cell and the two bits are written or read, writing or reading operation has to be performed twice. When a memory array is constructed by using a memory cell, by the access of twice, read time or write time twice as long as conventional read or write time is required. It causes deterioration in speed of a system using the memory. To solve the problem, according to the invention, bit arrangement of a conventional memory cell array is changed according to a writing or reading method With the configuration, a plurality of bytes can be simultaneously written or read by a single access. In order to perform reading at higher speed, a sense amplifier requiring no precharging is also provided.

Abstract: An IC card capable of preventing the occurrence of an abnormal state of coupling and thereby preventing malfunction of IC is provided. The IC card is provided with a coupling detecting means for detecting a contact coupling and a non-contact coupling and is also provided with a communication cut-off means which, when there are supplied electric power and a signal for inducing the other coupling during communication by one coupling, cuts off communication so that communication is performed by neither of the couplings.

Abstract: When two bits are stored per memory cell and the two bits are written or read, writing or reading operation has to be performed twice. When a memory array is constructed by using a memory cell, by the access of twice, read time or write time twice as long as conventional read or write time is required. It causes deterioration in speed of a system using the memory. To solve the problem, according to the invention, bit arrangement of a conventional memory cell array is changed according to a writing or reading method With the configuration, a plurality of bytes can be simultaneously written or read by a single access. In order to perform reading at higher speed, a sense amplifier requiring no precharging is also provided.

Abstract: The video information recording and reproducing apparatus includes an inputting information part for receiving video information, a storing information part, an outputting information part for producing video information, an automatic indexing information part for automatically adding indexes to the inputted video information, a filtering video information part for automatically selecting video information to be stored from the inputting information part, and a controlling part for controlling the above elements, thereby actualizing the free time-shift viewing function, intelligent search function, and automatic video data base generation function.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is able to provide an IC card in which for example, even if a state should occur in which a plurality of IC cards are piled up in any direction for use, a received signal is not greatly lowered but a normal usage pattern is secured. When the IC cards are piled up with the contours united, a projection drawing of an antenna of one IC card to an antenna surface of the other IC card has an area not overlapped at least 15% or more of an area having an antenna to the other antenna surface on the projection surface and the IC card can work.

Abstract: A scanning line interpolation circuit for reproducing scanning lines not transmitted through interpolation on the basis of a main scanning line signal and an auxiliary signal both transmitted, wherein an interpolated scanning line signal is generated on the basis of the main scanning line signal and auxiliary signal with respect to a frequency band used to transmit the auxiliary signal and an interpolated scanning line is generated in response to picture motion on the basis of only the main scanning line signal with respect to a frequency band used not to transmit the auxiliary signal.

Abstract: A television signal transmission system having an improved receiver which system is capable of transmitting a wide-band television video signal in a frequency band narrower than the frequency band of the television video signal is a multiplex video signal and the receiver reproduces a luminance signal and color signal from the multiplexed video signal. The receiver includes a motion detector for detecting motion information of a picture from the multiplex video signal and a separator for separating signals in response to the detected motion information to thereby form a picture of high quality utilizing the motion information.