Abstract: To realize highly reliable examination by means of an apparatus free of troublesome adjustment of which structure as a whole is simple. The examination contributes to early discovery of glaucoma in particular. Light emitted from a matrix-type light-emitting diode unit 12 is projected onto an eye to be examined through a liquid crystal shutter 16 and a main optical system 14. The matrix-type light-emitting diode unit 12 includes a plurality of light-emitting diodes devices 12b, 12b, 12b, of the same specifications arranged in a matrix array. The light-emitting diode devices 12b, 12b, 12b are independently controlled to form an image for use in the examination. The image includes a circular visual target 100a and a background 100b which is a remaining portion of the image. The visual target 100a flickers generally sinusoidally at a frequency between 1 Hz and 200 Hz. With this arrangement, highly reliable examination contributing to early discovery of glaucoma is realized.

Abstract: To realize highly reliable examination by means of an apparatus free of troublesome adjustment of which structure as a whole is simple. The examination contributes to early discovery of glaucoma in particular. Light emitted from a matrix-type light-emitting diose unit 12 is projected onto an eye to be examined through a liquid crystal shutter 16 and a main optical system 14. The matrix-type light-emitting diode unit 12 includes a plurality of light-emitting diodes devices 12b, 12b, . . . , 12b, of the same specifications arranged in a matrix array. The light-emitting diode devices 12b, 12b, . . . , 12b are independently controlled to form an image for use in the examination. The image includes a circular visual target 100a and a background 100b which is a remaining portion of the image. The visual target 100a flickers generally sinusoidally at a frequency between 1 Hz and 200 Hz. With this arrangement, highly reliable examination contributing to early discovery of glaucoma is realized.

Abstract: An unpolarized light beam emitted from a target presenting light source (12) is collimated by a collimator lens (20), and is made to be incident on a target presenting liquid crystal shutter (22), while an unpolarized light beams emitted from a background presenting light source (14) is collimated by a collimator lens (30), and is made to be incident on a background presenting liquid crystal shutter (32). The liquid crystal shutters (22, 32) have shutter patterns which are reverses to each other. The target and background light beams emerging from said liquid crystal shutters (22, 32) are combined with each other, together with their polarization states, by a half prism (24) acting as combining means. The resultant unpolarized light beam resulting from the combining is projected through a magnifying optical system (26) onto an eye to be examined. Since an unpolarized light beam is projected onto the eye, reliable examination, unaffected by polarization, can be realized.

Abstract: [Problem to be Solved] Examination more reliable than ever is to be realized. [Solution] An unpolarized light beam emitted from a target presenting light source (12) is collimated by a collimator lens (20), and is made to be incident on a target presenting liquid crystal shutter (22), while an unpolarized light beams emitted from a background presenting light source (14) is collimated by a collimator lens (30), and is made to be incident on a background presenting liquid crystal shutter (32). The liquid crystal shutters (22, 32) have shutter patterns which are reverses to each other. The target and background light beams emerging from said liquid crystal shutters (22, 32) are combined with each other, together with their polarization states, by a half prism (24) acting as combining means. The resultant unpolarized light beam resulting from the combining is projected through a magnifying optical system (26) onto an eye to be examined.

Abstract: A treated water quality control system (10) has a sewage inflow estimating unit (1) for estimating an inflow of sewage and a process data storage unit (3) for storing process data on a sewage treatment plant (50). An estimated sewage inflow estimated by the sewage inflow estimating unit (1) and process data read from the process data storage unit (3) are given to a manipulated variable calculating unit (20). The manipulated variable calculating unit (20) calculates values of manipulated variables to be used by a process controller (6) for controlling the sewage treatment plant (50). The values of the manipulated variables calculated by the manipulated variable calculating unit (20) and the process data read from the process data storage unit (3) are given to a process condition estimating arithmetic unit (21).