Abstract: A driving circuit for an electro-optical device that includes scan lines, a data lines, and pixel portions, all of which are arranged in an image display region on a substrate. The driving circuit includes sampling switches for supplying an image signal supplied by an image signal line to each of the data lines corresponding to a first sampling signal and a second sampling signal, and a data line driving circuit for supplying the first sampling signal and the second sampling signal sequentially for each of the sampling switches. Each of the sampling switches includes a first transistor for sustaining the image signal according to the first sampling signal and a second transistor electrically connected in series to the first transistor for supplying the image signal sustained by the first transistor to the data lines according to the second sampling signal.

Abstract: An electro-optical device substrate has substrate devices, each composed of at least a portion of an electro-optical device having an image display region, on a surface thereof, and is divided into the substrate devices along boundaries between regions where the substrate devices are formed. The electro-optical device substrate includes testing wiring lines which are provided in regions other than the substrate device forming regions on the substrate, and which are respectively supplied with testing signals for the substrate devices, two or more image signal terminals being electrically connected to each testing wiring line.

Abstract: The invention provides a reflection type liquid crystal device, and a projection type display and electronic equipment in which display defects caused by disclination are reduced, minimized or prevented from being produced for a highly fine liquid crystal display with a space between pixels made to be narrow to make it possible to provide a high-contrast and bright display. A liquid crystal device includes a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a first substrate and a second substrate, and a first electrode and a second electrode formed on a face of the above-described second substrate on a side of the above-described liquid crystal layer. The above-described first electrode and the above-described second electrode are formed so that an electric field substantially parallel to the surface of the substrate with respect to the above-described liquid crystal layer can be applied thereto.

Abstract: A TFT is provided completely separated by an insulating film, in which a parasitic MOSFET is not generated at ends of a semiconductor layer, and the variation in characteristics is small. At least one portion of the ends in the gate-width direction of a gate electrode forming the TFT is disposed in a semiconductor region which forms the TFT, and the ends in the gate-length direction of the gate electrode extend toward the outside of the semiconductor region forming the TFT. With this arrangement, a uniform TFT in which a parasitic MOSFET is not generated at the ends in the gate-width direction is obtainable.

Abstract: A TFT is provided completely separated by an insulating film, in which a parasitic MOSFET is not generated at ends of a semiconductor layer, and the variation in characteristics is small. At least one portion of the ends in the gate-width direction of a gate electrode forming the TFT is disposed in a semiconductor region which forms the TFT, and the ends in the gate-length direction of the gate electrode extend toward the outside of the semiconductor region forming the TFT. With this arrangement, a uniform TFT in which a parasitic MOSFET is not generated at the ends in the gate-width direction is obtainable.

Abstract: The invention provides a reflection type liquid crystal device, and a projection type display and electronic equipment in which display defects caused by disclination are reduced, minimized or prevented from being produced for a highly fine liquid crystal display with a space between pixels made to be narrow to make it possible to provide a high-contrast and bright display. A liquid crystal device includes a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a first substrate and a second substrate, and a first electrode and a second electrode formed on a face of the above-described second substrate on a side of the above-described liquid crystal layer. The above-described first electrode and the above-described second electrode are formed so that an electric field substantially parallel to the surface of the substrate with respect to the above-described liquid crystal layer can be applied thereto.

Abstract: To provide a transistor having sufficient dielectric strength, including a gate insulating film which can be formed by easy processes, and not requiring a high-temperature crystallizing process, a method of manufacturing the transistor, and an electro-optical device, a semiconductor device, and an electronic apparatus including the transistor, a transistor includes at least a monocrystalline semiconductor layer and a gate insulating film provided on the monocrystalline semiconductor layer. The gate insulating film has a thermal oxide film formed on the monocrystalline semiconductor layer, and at least one vapor-deposited insulating film formed on the thermal oxide film.

Abstract: The invention provides a reflection type liquid crystal device, and a projection type display and electronic equipment in which display defects caused by disclination are reduced, minimized or prevented from being produced for a highly fine liquid crystal display with a space between pixels made to be narrow to make it possible to provide a high-contrast and bright display. A liquid crystal device includes a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a first substrate and a second substrate, and a first electrode and a second electrode formed on a face of the above-described second substrate on a side of the above-described liquid crystal layer. The above-described first electrode and the above-described second electrode are formed so that an electric field substantially parallel to the surface of the substrate with respect to the above-described liquid crystal layer can be applied thereto.

Abstract: The invention provides a reflection type liquid crystal device, and a projection type display and electronic equipment in which display defects caused by disclination are reduced, minimized or prevented from being produced for a highly fine liquid crystal display with a space between pixels made to be narrow to make it possible to provide a high-contrast and bright display. A liquid crystal device includes a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a first substrate and a second substrate, and a first electrode and a second electrode formed on a face of the above-described second substrate on a side of the above-described liquid crystal layer. The above-described first electrode and the above-described second electrode are formed so that an electric field substantially parallel to the surface of the substrate with respect to the above-described liquid crystal layer can be applied thereto.

Abstract: The invention provides a reflection type liquid crystal device, and a projection type display and electronic equipment in which display defects caused by disclination are reduced, minimized or prevented from being produced for a highly fine liquid crystal display with a space between pixels made to be narrow to make it possible to provide a high-contrast and bright display. A liquid crystal device includes a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a first substrate and a second substrate, and a first electrode and a second electrode formed on a face of the above-described second substrate on a side of the above-described liquid crystal layer. The above-described first electrode and the above-described second electrode are formed so that an electric field substantially parallel to the surface of the substrate with respect to the above-described liquid crystal layer can be applied thereto.

Abstract: An appropriate breakdown voltage between the source and drain of a transistor device covered with an insulating film is obtained. Even when the transistor device is used in a pixel area of an electro-optical apparatus, a sufficient aperture ratio is obtained. In addition, to prevent a reduction in the display quality of the electro-optical apparatus caused by an optical leakage current due to light incident on the transistor device, a p-type transistor having a semiconductor layer about 30 nm to 100 nm thick and a fully-depleted channel layer is used as a transistor connected to a pixel electrode in the electro-optical apparatus.

Abstract: The potential at a channel region of a MOSFET on a substrate needs to be stabilized to assure a drain withstand voltage. To this end, a new potential line is additionally required. However, the addition of the potential line causes a drop in the aperture ratio in a transmissive type liquid-crystal display device, in which lightness is particularly important. A light shielding layer overlapping the MOSFET formed on the substrate is electrically connected to the channel region in the MOSFET.

Abstract: In conventional reflective-type liquid crystal panels (liquid crystal panels) using semiconductor substrates, a silicon nitride film cannot be used as a passivation film because inconsistencies in the thickness of the silicon nitride film greatly varies the reflectivity in the visible light range. Therefore, there is a problem with moisture resistance of reflective-type liquid crystal panels, which is disadvantageous. A guard ring is constructed using all the conductive layers lying below a reflecting electrode of a reflective-type liquid crystal panel, and the guard ring is directly converted with a moisture resistant insulating film.