Abstract: Provided are: a method of assessing hepatocellular carcinoma by using a protein with a different phosphorylated state in hepatocellular carcinoma cells compared with non-hepatocellular carcinoma cells; and a hepatocellular carcinoma protein marker for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma formed of the protein. The hepatocellular carcinoma protein marker for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma includes tumor rejection antigen gp96 formed of the amino acid represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, and is measured for its phosphorylated state to detect the presence or absence of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Abstract: A protein search method for searching for, as a target protein, a protein having direct or indirect relevance to information based on protein representation profiling data acquired by means of proteome analysis includes: determining, as a target protein, a protein that is relevant to the information based on significance of proteins obtained by using supervised learning from the information and the protein representation in the profiling data; and evaluating the performance of the target protein by means of evaluation data.

Abstract: A highly thermo-stable lactate oxidase has been provided by, in the lactate oxidase obtained from Aerococcus viridans, modifying the 6 amino acid residues.

Abstract: A biomolecule is analyzed with high accuracy. A biomolecule is analyzed with high likelihood. A biomolecule as an analysis subject is modified with a marker binding or adsorbing to only its specific portion (S101). Next, the biomolecule modified with the marker is developed on a base plate (S102). The arrangement of the biomolecule on the base plate is detected using a marker (S103). Then, scanning is performed along the shape of the biomolecule present on the detected position (S104). The biomolecule is analyzed based on an information relating to the shape or arrangement of the biomolecule obtained by scanning or an information relating to the arrangement of the marker on the biomolecule (S105).

Abstract: In a method for efficiently analyzing a posttranslational modification of a protein using no enzyme, a protein or peptide to be analyzed is reacted with an acid (a thioester or hydrazine) under certain conditions. This makes it possible to detect variously modified states of a protein or peptide, whereby the identification of each specific modifying group and the position of each modified amino acid can be efficiently analyzed using a chemical method and a mass spectrometric apparatus.

Abstract: A highly thermo-stable lactate oxidase has been provided by, in the lactate oxidase obtained from Aerococcus viridans, modifying the 6 amino acid residues.

Abstract: In a method for efficiently analyzing a posttranslational modification of a protein using no enzyme, a protein or peptide to be analyzed is reacted with an acid (a thioester or hydrazine) under certain conditions. This makes it possible to detect variously modified states of a protein or peptide, whereby the identification of each specific modifying group and the position of each modified amino acid can be efficiently analyzed using a chemical method and a mass spectrometric apparatus.

Abstract: A corneum puncture needle for extracting tissue fluid from under the skin corneum includes a needle body and a stylus extending from the needle body to be inserted into a corneum of a human body. The stylus and the needle body form therebetween a stepped portion acting as a stopper when the stylus is inserted into a corneum of a human body. The needle body has a core formed in a unitary body with the stylus and a coating layer or a tube formed on the core. The stylus has a suitable length for prevention of damage of blood vessel. A plurality of puncture needles may be arranged on a holder.

Abstract: A lactate oxidase (LOD15, LOD1, LOD16) shows an enzymatic activity under a reaction represented by "L-lactate+oxygen.fwdarw.pyruvic acid+hydrogen peroxide". A DNA molecule comprises nucleotide sequences which code on expression for a lactate oxidase (LOD15, LOD1, LOD16).