Abstract: A lower vehicle-body structure of a vehicle may include: a floor panel; a side sill; and a frame member that extends in the front-rear direction on the vehicle-width-direction inner side of the side sill and includes a front-rear extended portion that is in abutment against the side sill on the vehicle-width-direction inner side and extends in the vehicle front-rear direction along the side sill. The front-rear extended portion may include: a bottom face portion; an inner wall portion; and an inner-side flange that extends to the vehicle-width-direction inner side from a distal end portion of the inner wall portion and is joined to the floor panel. Deformation facilitating facilitators that facilitate deformation of the bottom face portion in the vehicle width direction when a collision load in the vehicle width direction is input may be formed in the bottom face portion.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating test sequences for communication protocols that inputs data of finite state machines (FSM) representing the specification of the communication protocols, converts the test sequence generation problem to the satisfiability problem (SAT problem), and generates test sequences for communication protocols by solving the SAT problem. The method converts the test sequence generation problem to the SAT problem by modifying the FSM and describing the test sequence generation problem using a conjunctive normal form formula based on the modified FSIM. By considering multiple input/output (UID) sequences and overlapping sequences, the method generates minimum length test sequence to check whether the states described in the specification of the protocol exist in the implementation of the FSM.

Abstract: The present invention's method and apparatus to generate test sequences for communication protocols input the data of the finite state machines (FSM) representing the specification of the communication protocols, and convert the test sequence generation problem to the SAT problem, and generate test sequences for communication protocols by solving the SAT problem. In addition, the present invention converts the test sequence generation problem to the SAT problem by modifying the FSM and describing the test sequence generation problem by using a conjunctive normal form formula based on the modified FSM. According to the present invention, by considering the multiple UIO sequences and the overlapping of the UIO sequences, the minimum length test sequence to check whether the states described in the specification of the protocol exist in the implementation of the FSM can be generated.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for processing an image signal such that areas of original image data are sequentially scanned with a scanning window having a size corresponding to M picture elements in units of a predetermined number of picture elements so as to perform halftone display in accordance with black-and-white binary distribution with respect to the signal levels of the picture elements within the scanning window every time the scanning window is moved. The picture elements within the scanning window are assigned an order of preference in accordance with their image signal levels. A sum of the image signal levels of the picture elements within the scanning window is calculated, and A and N of the equations S=C.times.N+A are calculated, where C is a predetermined image signal level (e.g., black level and maximum level), N is an integer, and A is the image signal level falling within the range O.ltoreq.A<C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for processing an image signal such that areas of original image data are sequentially scanned with a scanning window having a size corresponding to M picture elements in units of a predetermined number of picture elements so as to perform halftone display in accordance with black-and-white binary distribution with respect to the signal levels of the picture elements within the scanning window every time the scanning window is moved. The picture elements within the scanning window are assigned an order of preference in accordance with their image signal levels. A sum of the image signal levels of the picture elements within the scanning window is calculated, and A and N of the equation S=C.times.N+A are calculated, where C is a predetermined image signal level (e.g., black level and maximum level), N is an integer, and A is the image signal level falling within the range 0.ltoreq.A<C.

Abstract: A method for processing a video signal comprises defining a successively shifted scan window with respect to the signal level of each picture element from which said video signal has been derived, totalizing the quantum numbers of the picture elements in the scan window corresponding to the original screen dot, and reconstructing black picture elements corresponding to the total value of the quantum numbers faithfully to the area of the original dot, and an apparatus for carrying out the method.

Abstract: In a variable density scanner a light beam of a fixed spot size is scanned on an original along each of a plurality of parallel line paths at a constant speed to generate a video signal and successively shifted to the next line path. The video signal is sampled to generate a video sample. Each of the line paths is divided into a plurality of line segments so that each segment derives a plurality of video samples and the line paths are formed into a plurality of groups of adjacent line paths so that the video samples are derived from a plurality of patterns of rows and columns. The total value of the video samples of each pattern is arithmetically divided by their number in response to the control signal to derive an average value.

Abstract: An apparatus wherein a thermoluminescent type radiation dosimeter is heated and thermoluminant rays emitted from the dosimeter are measured. It is constructed in such manner that to perform the measurement a personal identification card must be inserted to the apparatus. The mark on the dosimeter and the mark on the identification card are collated, and only when they coincide with each other is the measurement performed.