Abstract: Providing a ceramic-coated medical appliance quite excellent in insulating performance which has no negative effects on tissues or cells of an organism subjected to surgery; a ceramic-coated genetic control needle which has no risk of breaking during use nor no unfavorable effects, such as destruction or tear-off, on sliced tissues or tissue areas around the needle at site of penetration into a lesion and which cuts off a cell nucleus or injects an immunological solution into the nucleus without causing any negative effects on tissues around the penetrated needle; and a fabrication method for the same.

Abstract: A method for observing defects in an amorphous material by transmission electron microscopy. The method generates an incident electron beam into the amorphous material, eliminates a generated diffraction wave to form an image only by a transmission wave coming through the amorphous material, and observes the image under an under-focus condition.

Abstract: Providing a ceramic-coated medical appliance quite excellent in insulating performance which has no negative effects on tissues or cells of an organism subjected to surgery; a ceramic-coated genetic control needle which has no risk of breaking during use nor no unfavorable effects, such as destruction or tear-off, on sliced tissues or tissue areas around the needle at site of penetration into a lesion and which cuts off a cell nucleus or injects an immunological solution into the nucleus without causing any negative effects on tissues around the penetrated needle; and a fabrication method for the same.

Abstract: A method for observing defect in an amorphous material by transmission electron microscopy is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of: incident electron beam into the amorphous material; eliminating a generated diffraction wave to form an image only by a transmission wave coming through the amorphous material; and observing the image under an under-focus condition. A method for respectively observing an amorphous material and a crystalline material in a composite material containing both of the amorphous material and the crystalline material by transmission electron microscopy is also disclosed.

Abstract: In an apparatus for measuring an intensity of an electron beam, the electron beam is made incident a fluorescent screen and a part of the incident electron beam is converted into an optical image, and the optical image formed on the fluorescent screen is picked-up by a television camera by a reflection mirror having a central hole and being inclined with respect to a direction into which the optical image is made incident upon the reflection mirror. A part of the electron beam transmitted through the fluorescent screen and passing through the central hole of the reflection mirror is made incident upon a Faraday case, which generates an electric current representing an intensity of the electron beam impinging upon the fluorescent screen.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing ultrafine particles of a compound composed of at least two elements on the surface of a substrate made of at least one material selected from the group including an organic material and an inorganic material, the method including: depositing a first element onto a surface of the substrate to provide a layer of particles of the first element; depositing successively at least one additional element onto the layer of the first element on the surface of the substrate to provide respective layers of particles of the at least one additional element, the successive depositions taking place at respective deposition rate ranges which are effective for forming a compound by spontaneously alloying the first element and the at least one additional element over a time period effective to provide a preselected area density; and reacting the layers of particles on the substrate at a reaction temperature ranging from below 32.degree. C. to -173.degree. C., and under a vacuum ranging from 10.sup.

Abstract: A method of controlling supersaturated injection of exotic atoms comprises previously preparing a parent material buried by exotic phases consisting Ge or Si, irradiating the parent material with the electron beams, and forming supersaturated injection regions of the exotic atoms to control the concentration profile of the exotic atoms. The method can control the distribution of concentration of exotic atoms by irradiating with electron beams of high energy.

Abstract: A composite material composed of a matrix and an amorphous material of a desired disposition state is produced by positioning a given shape of crystals of a type easily transformable to an amorphous state by irradiation with a particle ray on the surface and/or the interior of the matrix at a predetermined position, and irradiating the crystals by the particle ray under an irradiation condition of transforming the crystals preferentially to the amorphous state.

Abstract: An amorphous metal having a desired irregularity is formed by irradiating a metal with an electron beam having an energy large enough to damage the metal thereby introducing a lattice defect into the metal and controlling the concentration of the introduced lattice defect.

Abstract: A desired shape of amorphous region is formed at a predetermined position in a metal crystal by introducing the desired shape of lattice defect at the predetermined position in the metal crystal, and then irradiating the lattice defect with an electron beam to form the desired shape of amorphous region at the predetermined position in the metal crystal.