Abstract: A liquid crystal display element comprises a first and a second substrates, a vertical alignment liquid crystal layer, and a first and a second polarizers arranged to cross approximately their absorption axes and an alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules when no voltage is applied at almost 45 degrees. At least one of the electrodes comprises a polyline extending to an extending direction as a whole and having no straight line in parallel to the extending direction along an electrode edge, and the polyline is formed along an edge of at least one of the first and the second electrodes where the alignment directions when a voltage is applied and when no voltage is applied are opposite to each other if the polyline is a straight line along the extending direction.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a first substrate including a first electrode, a second substrate including a second electrode, and a liquid crystal layer provided between the first substrate and the second substrate which is controlled to a substantially vertical orientation having a pretilt angle smaller than 90 degrees. The first electrode includes a plurality of rectangular openings extending in a direction substantially perpendicular to the orientation direction of liquid crystal molecules at substantially a center of the liquid crystal layer. A plurality of first areas and a plurality of second areas disposed mutually alternately are set in an effective display area in which the first electrode and the second electrode overlap in a planar view. Relative positions of the openings are mutually unmatched relative to at least a part of the plurality of second areas, and the openings are not formed in the plurality of first areas.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus capable of uniformly grinding an polishing pad. Further, the present invention provides a method of grinding an polishing pad by using the grinding apparatus.

Abstract: An optimum operator selection support system, executed by a computer, includes a document computer executable management part, a document feature computer executable extraction part, and a job feature computer executable extraction part. The document computer executable management part manages documents related to jobs stored by the computer, with additional information on operators who generated the documents. The document feature computer executable extraction part extracts a plurality of documents generated by a same operator from the document computer executable management part, and extracts features of the respective documents. The job feature computer executable extraction part extracts features of jobs of the operator by detecting common features based on a frequency of occurrence of terms in the plurality of documents extracted by the document feature computer executable extraction part.