Abstract: In the invention, highly pure crystals of difructose dianhydride III (di-D-fructofuranose-1,2?:2,3 ?-dianhydride; hereinafter referred to as DFA III) are produced by adding 5% or less of powdered active carbon to a DFA III containing purified solution containing DFA III of 90% or more purity at a concentration of R-Bx 10-60, preferably 40-55, and after stirring, applying the mixture to solid-liquid separation (filtration with diatomaceous, filtration through a membrane filter, ultrafiltration, or continuous centrifugal separation) and concentrating the separated liquid part, followed by immediate crystallization. In the process of the invention, DFA III crystals can be produced efficiently and industrially, and the resulting crystals can be used for various purposes in pharmaceuticals or food and drink since they have no smell. This is characteristics of the invention different from the prior art products.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purifying catalyst for purifying exhaust gas discharged from an internal combustion engine of an automotive vehicle. The exhaust gas purifying catalyst comprises a substrate on which a catalytic coat layer containing a catalyst component is formed. The catalytic coat layer is formed by coating a slurry containing the catalyst component on a surface of the substrate. A crack-preventing coat layer is formed on an upper-most surface of the catalytic coat layer. The crack-preventing coat layer has a thickness of not larger than 50 ?m.

Abstract: A catalyst includes a metal carrier, an adhesive layer formed on the metal carrier, the adhesive layer containing crystalline silicate and silica, and a catalyst layer formed on the adhesive layer. Adhesiveness between the metal carrier and the catalyst layer becomes favorable by interposing the adhesive layer therebetween.

Abstract: A method for recovering amino acids, which comprises supplying a mixed solution containing inorganic acid salts, amino acids and non-electrolytes such as saccharides to a first-step resin layer comprising an Na type or K type strongly acidic ion exchange resin; separating an effluent into at least a first fraction containing coloring matters, acidic amino acids and ashes, a second fraction containing neutral amino acids and saccharides, and a third fraction containing betaines; supplying the second fraction to a second-step resin layer comprising at least one resin selected from the group consisting of NH4 type, Ca type and Mg type strongly acidic ion exchange resins, and optionally further supplying it to a third-step resin layer comprising an Mg type or Ca type strongly acidic ion exchange resin different from the resin of the second-step resin layer, thereby recovering various kinds of amino acids contained in an effluent.

Abstract: A method for recovering amino acids, which comprises supplying a mixed solution containing inorganic acid salts, amino acids and non-electrolytes such as saccharides to a first-step resin layer comprising an Na type or K type strongly acidic ion exchange resin; separating an effluent into at least a first fraction containing coloring matters, acidic amino acids and ashes, a second fraction containing neutral amino acids and saccharides, and a third fraction containing betaines; supplying the second fraction to a second-step resin layer comprising at least one resin selected from the group consisting of NH4 type, Ca type and Mg type strongly acidic ion exchange resins, and optionally further supplying it to a third-step resin layer comprising an Mg type or Ca type strongly acidic ion exchange resin different from the resin of the second-step resin layer, thereby recovering various kinds of amino acids contained in an effluent.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purifying catalyst for purifying exhaust gas discharged from an internal combustion engine of an automotive vehicle. The exhaust gas purifying catalyst comprises a substrate on which a catalytic coat layer containing a catalyst component is formed. The catalytic coat layer is formed by coating a slurry containing the catalyst component on a surface of the substrate. A crack-preventing coat layer is formed on an upper-most surface of the catalytic coat layer. The crack-preventing coat layer has a thickness of not larger than 50 &mgr;m.

Abstract: A hydraulic fluid composition for power steering is disclosed, which comprises (a) at least one phosphorus containing compound selected from the group of alkyl, or alkyl substituted or unsubstituted phenyl phosphorus acid compounds, alkyl, or alkyl substituted or unsubstituted phenyl phosphorus thioacid compounds, alkyl, or alkyl substituted or unsubstituted phenyl phosphorus dithioacid compounds, and (b) one or more thiadizaole derivatives represented by the formula: ##STR1## where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently denote a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbons. The composition enables hydraulic systems to be used for longer times without accelerating deterioration of rubber materials employed in the hydraulic system.

Abstract: A reinforcing member includes a reinforcing resin layer which is elastic in its semi-hardened or unhardened state before the reinforcing member is applied to an object to be reinforced and which is rigid in its hardened state; an expandable member centered along the reinforcing resin layer; the expandable member being narrower than the reinforcing resin layer; the expandable member being elastic at least before the reinforcing member is applied to the object; the expandable member being expandable to form a bead-like projection before the reinforcing resin layer hardens; the reinforcing resin layer having its edge portions extending beyond the expandable member, the underside of the edge portions thereof being adapted to adhere to the object.

Abstract: A panel for an automotive vehicle and the method of making same. A main reinforcing member is bonded to an outer panel, the reinforcing member being made of a hardened thermosetting material. An auxiliary reinforcing member is attached to and covers the entire inner side of the main reinforcing member. A core element of foamed resin is encapsulated between the outer panel and the main reinforcing member and causes the latter to bulge in the inward direction to form a rib-like projection to strengthen the panel.