Abstract: An apparatus for detecting precise angular positions of a rotating object. Two magnetoresistors (MRs) are positioned adjacent a target wheel attached to the rotating object, the target wheel having at least one element of finite length. Each MR is responsive to the passage of at least one of the elements as the target wheel is rotated, generating an analog signal with signal transitions between two voltage levels at the passage of the element's leading and trailing edges. The MRs are positioned relative to the elements such that their signals are phase shifted with respect to one another, resulting in time overlapping signals which intersect at a precise angular positions of the target wheel.

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus for sensing a vehicle steering wheel position. A permanent magnet target wheel having a global axial magnetic field normal to a first surface is attached to a steering shaft which is rotated by the steering wheel. Multiple regions equally spaced along a common radius on the first surface are magnetically altered and sensed by magnetically responsive sensors positioned adjacent the first radius. A single region positioned within a finite radius along a second radius on the first surface is magnetically altered and sensed by a magnetically responsive sensor positioned adjacent the second radius. The magnetic sensors are responsive to passage of the multiple regions and single region as the target wheel is rotated. Detection of each of the multiple regions corresponds to rotation of the target wheel by an incremental number of degrees.

Abstract: An electromagnetic flow meter includes a fluid-carrying conduit. A signal detecting element detects an electromotive force induced in the fluid in the conduit to produce a first detecting signal. A conduit voltage detecting element detects a voltage of the conduit to produce a second detecting signal. An electrical energy applying device is responsive to the first and second detecting signals for applying a selected amount of voltage to the conduit so that the voltage of the first detecting signal and the detected voltage of the conduit become equal to each other, whereby a profile of the voltage of the conduit is substantially similar to a profile of the electromotive force at least at a position of the signal detecting element.